Reproduction and community structure of fish from winter catch sites from industrial shrimp bycatch from the northeast and southeast Mexican Pacific.

The shrimp fishery is one of the most important fisheries in the world, although the low selectivity from trawling nets has led to the capture of a large number of non-target species. Shrimp-bycatch species include a large number of fish and invertebrate species, of which fish species are the most abundant. The present study aims to determine the community structure as well as the average sizes at first maturity of the fish species from shrimp-bycatch caught from industrial fisheries in the Mexican Pacific from Sinaloa to Guerrero, from January to March 2015. The shrimp-bycatch fish diversity value was found to be 2.22. A total of 37 species of finfish were found, of which five were considered rare. The fish species with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) levels were Pseudupeneus grandisquamis, Paralichthys woolmani, Lutjanus peru and Diapterus peruvianus. The average size at first maturity was calculated for all species. Of the analysed organisms, 90% were in the juvenile stage, including species with riverine and artisanal fisheries. The present study demonstrates the risk within marine populations to different non-target species due to the poor selectivity of shrimp trawls.

Prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease seen in internal medicine.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the elderly population, few data are available on the frequency of secondary hyperparathyroidism in the Spanish population affected by this problem. We undertook a study on this issue in patients attending the internal medicine departments in our area. DESIGN AND METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional survey performed at internal medicine departments on 415 patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease. Clinical history and risk factors were collected using a standardized protocol. Serum creatinine, phosphate, calcium, intact parathormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (25-OH-vitD) levels were measured in all patients. RESULTS: Among stage 3 patients, 62.9% had PTH levels ≥70pg/mL and 32.7% levels ≥110pg/mL. Median PTH level in stage 4 patients was 120pg/mL (p <0.001), and 77.9% of these patients had PTH ≥70pg/mL (p <0.001) and 54.1% ≥110pg/mL (p=0.015). Adequate 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol levels were found in only 7.2% of stage 3 patients and 4.1% of stage 4 patients. Only 7.2% of stage 3 patients had hyperphosphatemia, as compared to 25.4% of stage 4 patients (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperparathyroidism is a common complication of stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease which is not associated to detectable changes in serum calcium and phosphate levels. It is therefore advisable to measure PTH levels in all patients with decreased glomerular filtration rate.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic influence of renal dysfunction in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction.

BACKGROUND: Renal dysfunction is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with high mortality. This relationship is well established in HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFREF), however, it is not fully understood in HF and preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of renal dysfunction on all-cause mortality in HFPEF patients and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients that deteriorate renal function in the first year of follow-up. METHODS: We evaluated the patients with HFPEF included in the RICA registry. This is a multi-center and prospective cohort study that includes patients admitted for decompensated HF. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine concentrations were used for renal function assessment at admission and after one year of follow up. RESULTS: A total of 455 patients (mean age 78±8.1years; 62% women) were included, of whom 265 (58.2%) had eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m(2). After adjustment for covariates, only lower admission eGFR remained significantly predictive of all-cause mortality (HR 2.97; 95% CI 1.59-5.53). After one year of follow-up 16.6% of patients deteriorated at least 25% of eGFR. These patients were more likely to be diabetic (54.5% vs 42.6%; p=0.039) and had a higher rate of prescription of mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) agents (47% vs 23.3%; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Renal dysfunction is frequently associated with HFPEF. eGFR below normal is strongly associated with mortality. Further decline of renal function is frequent especially among diabetic and patients treated with MRA agents.