[The role of cerebral activation in the sleep-wake cycle]. / Rol' tserebral'noi aktivatsii v tsikle son­bodrstvovanie.

The development of views on cerebral activation in the wakefulness-sleep cycle, starting with the work of Constantin von Economo, is considered. The emphasis is on the cyclic activation of high-amplitude discharges in sleep, which, with known assumptions, can include K-complexes, as well as patterns of delta-like waves. Considering the participation of the peripheral nervous system in this, the integrative role of cyclic activation of high-amplitude discharges in the organization of the sleep-wake cycle is discussed.

[The study of cognitive functions and the brain electrical activity in wakefulness and night sleep in patients with lobe tumors]. / Izuchenie kognitivnykh funktsii i organizatsii bioelektricheskoi aktivnosti mozga v bodrstvovanii i vo vremya sna u patsientov s opukholyami lobnoi doli.

OBJECTIVE: To study cognitive dysfunction and brain electrical activity in sleep-wakefulness cycle in patients with frontal lobe tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty patients, aged 48.6±4.2 years, and ten healthy volunteers participated in the study. The first group included patients without cognitive impairment and tumors 8.9±5.1 cm3, the second group included patients with cognitive impairment and tumors 40.7±2.1 cm3. The battery of cognitive impairment tests was used. The EEG of wakefulness and night sleep was recorded. RESULTS: Cognitive impairment in patients with lobe tumors is associated with increases in delta/theta, and areactivity of the cortex in wakefulness, increases in delta/theta/alpha in REM and declining number of arousals in REM. CONCLUSION: The results of the study may be useful in early detection of biomarkers of the cognitive impairment in patients with frontal lobe tumors in order to increase the efficiency of rehabilitation of patients.

[Night sleep organization in patients with primary brain tumor]. / Organizatsiia nochnogo sna u patsientov s pervichnoi opukhol'iu mozga.

AIM: To study cycle organization of night sleep and analyze brain electrical activity during sleep in patients with primary brain tumor before and after surgical intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten patients, mean age 48.6±4.2 years, with primary tumors participated in the study. Polysomnography study was performed before and on the 7th day after surgical intervention. RESULTS: Shot delta-sleep latency, shorter 2nd stage, disturbances of rhythmogenesis in the 2nd stage and higher delta-sleep activity were observed before and after surgical intervention. There were changes in the brain electrical activity during delta-sleep and REM. The changes in the first sleep cycles were noted before surgical intervention. The greater amount of stage 2 was found after surgery. CONCLUSION: The results can be used to correct the accompanying therapy in the early postoperative period to improve its efficacy.

Growth and development in school-age children from Rostov region, Russia: Comparison between urban and rural settings.

The purposes of the current study were: (1) to describe growth and physical development and establish norms for schoolchildren from Rostov region in Russia; (2) to compare major characteristics of development between urban and rural children by sex and age. Nearly 200,000 children (198,712) aged between 7 and 17 years from 232 urban and rural schools of Rostov region (Southern Federal District of Russia) participated in the study. School age is a period of intensive growth and physiological and psychological development. Irregularities of personal development are caused by a multitude of factors, such as sex differences, heredity, socio-economic status of a family, standard of living, particular environmental conditions, and lifestyle. It has been established that children from the Southern Federal District of Russia had body mass index values higher than age-appropriate norms for all Russians (Total Russian, Rudnev et al., 2014) and World Health Organization charts. Children from urban settings were taller and heavier than children from rural settings. Sex is one of the most influential factors which play key role in determining specific characteristics of growth and personal development. According to our results, boys and girls both had similar age-related changes in weight and height, but their respective dynamics differed. Girls' height and weight values accelerated at the age 10 to 12 years and plateaued after the age fourteen, whereas in boys height and weight steadily increased with age, showing slight acceleration at the age 12 to 13 years, and reached a plateau by the age of seventeen.