Synthesis of Selenium Derivatives using Organic Selenocyanates as Masked Selenols: Chemical Reduction with Rongalite as a Simpler Tool to give Nucleophilic Selenides.

The chemical reduction within a family of organic selenocyanates, as masked selenols, using reducing agents, such as Rongalite, sodium dithionite, and sodium thiosulfate is investigated. Using Rongalite, the corresponding diselenides were obtained quantitatively and selectively in very good to excellent yields (51-100 %) starting from alkyl, aryl, and benzyl selenocyanates. The scope of the reaction is unaffected by the electronic nature of the substituents. Furthermore, the reducing agent, Rongalite, is compatible with hydrolysable and reducing-sensitive functional groups. Additionally, a simple methodology employing the in-situ generated benzyl selenolate anion (PhCH2Se-) to promote aliphatic nucleophilic substitution, epoxide ring opening, and Michael addition reactions has been developed; thus, extending the structural diversity of the synthesized selenium derivatives.

Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Features Between Men and Women With Axial Spondyloarthritis in a Specialized Center in Argentina.

OBJECTIVES: The aims were to estimate the frequency of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in women and to analyze the clinical, laboratory, and imaging differences with respect to men at the time of diagnosis. METHODS: Consecutive patients older than 18 years with a diagnosis of axSpA admitted to the "Reumacheck" SpA program were included between 2017 and 2022. At baseline, all patients underwent clinical assessment, laboratory tests including C-reactive protein and human leukocyte antigen B27, and imaging (plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging of sacroiliac joints, and ultrasound of heel entheses). All evaluators were blinded to the results of the other evaluations. RESULTS: One hundred sixteen patients with a diagnosis of axSpA were included. The frequency at diagnosis in women was 61.55%. In the univariate analysis, the significant differences between women and men at diagnosis of axSpA were good response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, elevated C-reactive protein, New York Criteria (+), enthesis ultrasound (+), years of education, number of swollen joints, erythrosedimentation rate, and the very low frequency of bone bridges in the magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints. In the logistic regression analysis, the dependent variable was "men," and the only feature that was independently associated was having radiographic compromise according to the New York criteria (odds ratio, 2.6). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of axSpA in women was 61.55%; clinical, laboratory, and imaging differences were observed. Women experienced less radiographic compromise.

Metal- and base-free, aerobic photoredox catalysis with riboflavin to synthesize 2-substituted benzothiazoles.

Sustainable approaches for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles are sought after for their use in organic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and industrial applications. Here, we described a visible light-driven photoredox catalytic cyclization of thioanilides to afford 2-substituted benzothiazoles using riboflavin as a photocatalyst, where oxygen is used as a clean oxidant and ethanol as a greener solvent. These results provide a new photochemical route for environmentally benign synthesis.

Riboflavin and Eosin Y Supported on Chromatographic Silica Gel as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts.

The application of photocatalysis for organic synthesis, both in the laboratory and on an industrial scale, will depend on the achieving of good yields and the ease with which it can be applied. Selective irradiation of the photocatalyst with LED light has made it possible to activate the reactions easily, without the need for UV or heat filters. However, a common problem is the need to separate the photocatalyst from the reaction products through extraction and chromatography isolation processes. These procedures make it difficult to recover and reuse the catalyst, which is not compatible with scale-up applications. Photocatalysts attached to heterogeneous supports resulted in an alternative, which facilitates their removal and reuse. In this study, we use chromatographic silica gel as a low-cost heterogeneous support to bind photosensitizers such as Riboflavin or Eosin Y. The modified silica gel was analyzed by FTIR-ATR and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and optical microscopy. These hybrid materials have a suitable size for easy separation by decantation and were found to be photoactive against two photooxidation reactions. These easy-to-handle materials open the door to effective applications for photoinduced organic synthesis methods at medium to large scale.

Linker-Assisted CdS-TiO2 Nanohybrids as Reusable Visible Light Photocatalysts for the Oxidative Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids.

A variety of phenols have been obtained in aqueous media with moderate to excellent chemical yields (≤100%) by using arylboronic acids and esters as substrates, a robust CdS-TiO2 nanohybrid as a heterogeneous photocatalyst, visible light irradiation (467 nm), and an O2-saturated atmosphere. The nanohybrid was prepared through a linker-assisted methodology that uses mercapto alkanoic acids as the organic linkers. The nanohybrid showed improved photocatalytic activity in the hydroxylation of substituted arylboronic acids and phenyl boronic esters compared with that of pristine CdS quantum dots. The nanohybrid can be reused in up to five photocatalytic cycles with ∼90% of its outstanding activity preserved.

Ultrasound tenosynovitis: A differential feature of patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To identify differential features between patients with seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHOD: Prospective cohort study, including patients who were admitted for polyarthralgia. At baseline was performed: laboratory studies, X-rays of hands and feet, ultrasound of both hands with power Doppler technique, clinical data and clinimetry. In subsequent visits the definitive diagnosis of RA was established or not. It was considered as seronegative RA when patients were negative for both RF and ACPAs. RESULTS: 746 patients were included, of which 128 (17.1%) ended with a final diagnosis of RA. Of these 128 patients, 87 (67.9%) were seropositive RA, while 41 (32%) were seronegative RA. The only feature that showed significant differences was the presence of tenosynovitis detected by ultrasound with a positive power Doppler signal, 13.7% of the patients with seropositive RA vs 41.6% of the patients with seronegative RA (p=0.0028). CONCLUSION: The only differential feature of patients with seronegative RA was the higher proportion of tenosynovitis detected by ultrasound.

Vaccine breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2: Why older adults need booster vaccinations.

Objectives: COVID-19 vaccinations are highly efficacious in preventing severe illness that can lead to hospitalizations and death, but incidents of vaccine breakthrough (VBT) infections persist. We examined VBT infections within a congregate setting to help guide public health practices. Study design: This is a retrospective cohort study of VBT infections identified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing between 2/1/2021-11/1/2021. Methods: A VBT infection was defined as the detection of SARS-CoV-2 collected from a person ≥14 days after all recommended doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. VBT infections were examined in five California psychiatric inpatient hospitals with a workforce of more than 10,000 hospital staff and approximately 5500 patients. Results: 415 VBT infections out of 14,101 fully vaccinated individuals within our system (2.9%) were identified. Days since final vaccine date ranged from 16 to 291 days. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test revealed a statistically significant difference in age between individuals with VBT infections versus all other vaccinated individuals [U = 6.47, p = .01]. A chi-square test of independence revealed no significant sex differences between individuals with VBT infections (58.8% male and 41.2% female) versus all other vaccinated individuals (59.6% male and 40.4% female; X2 (3, N = 14101) = 5.059, p = .167). Out of 415 VBT cases, 65.1% received the Moderna vaccine, 33.2% received Pfizer, and 1.7% received J&J; and 38.1% were asymptomatic at time of VBT infection, 24.1% were symptomatic, while 37.8% were missing symptom data. Conclusions: Vaccination campaigns, including boosters and continued surveillance, are important complimentary strategies for reducing the proliferation of COVID-19 VBT cases and severity of symptoms associated with COVID-19.

Disfunción sexual en mujeres con esclerosis sistémica / Sexual dysfunction in women with systemic sclerosis

Introducción: la disfunción sexual (DS) es común entre las mujeres con enfermedades crónicas, incluyendo esclerosis sistémica (ES). Se ha asociado con características como la duración de la enfermedad, dolor, disminución de la actividad funcional, entre otras. Desde nuestro conocimiento, aún no contamos con datos locales. Objetivos: evaluar la frecuencia de DS en mujeres con ES; describir las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y psicológicas asociadas con la DS en mujeres con ES. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, analítico y de corte transversal. Se incluyeron mujeres de entre 20 y 59 años con diagnóstico de ES, según los criterios de clasificación del European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (ACR/EULAR 2013). Se excluyeron pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no controladas, otras patologías reumatológicas autoinmunes, e inactividad sexual o patología genitourinaria no relacionadas a ES en las últimas 4 semanas. La DS se evaluó con la versión en español del cuestionario índice de función sexual femenina (Female sexual function index, FSFI). Resultados: se incluyeron 56 pacientes. El 78,57% presentó DS y 19,64% era sexualmente inactiva debido a la enfermedad. Escala visual análoga (EVA) de fatiga (coeficiente ß: -0,08, IC 95%: -0,14 a -0,02; p<0,01), edad (coeficiente ß: -0,23, IC 95%: -0,40 a -0,05; p=0,01) y fibromialgia (coeficiente ß: -11,90, IC 95%: -17,98 a -5,82; p<0,01) mostraron una asociación significativa e independiente con DS en el análisis multivariado. Conclusiones: la DS es frecuente entre las mujeres con ES, y las pacientes más jóvenes, sin fibromialgia y con menor fatiga presentaron una mejor funcionalidad sexual.

Introduction: sexual impairment (SI) is common among women with chronic diseases, including systemic sclerosis (SSc). It has been associated with characteristics such as the duration of the disease, pain, decreased functional activity, among others. To the best of our knowledge, we still do not have local data. Objectives: to evaluate the frequency of SI in women with SSc. To describe the sociodemographic characteristics, disease itself and psychological items associated with SI in women with SSc. Materials and methods: observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. We included women between 20 and 59 years diagnosed with SSc according to 2013 classification criteria ACR/EULAR. We excluded patients with uncontrolled chronic diseases or other autoimmune rheumatologic diseases and patients who, in the last 4 weeks, had dyspareunia or were sexually inactive due to causes not attributable to their disease. SI was assessed using the Spanish version of female sexual function index questionnaire (FSFI). Results: 56 patients were included. 78.57% presented SI and 19.64% of them were sexually inactive patients due to the disease. Fatigue VAS (ß coefficient: -0.08, CI 95%: -0.14 to -0.02; p<0.01), age (ß coefficient: -0.23, CI 95%: -0.40 to -0.05; p=0.01) and fibromyalgia (ß coefficient: -11.90, CI 95%: -17.98 to -5.82; p<0.01) showed significant and independent association with SI in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: SI is frequent among women with SSc, and younger patients, without fibromyalgia and with less fatigue have better sexual function.

Disfunción sexual en mujeres con esclerosis sistémica / Sexual dysfunction in women with systemic sclerosis

Introducción: la disfunción sexual (DS) es común entre las mujeres con enfermedades crónicas, incluyendo esclerosis sistémica (ES). Se ha asociado con características como la duración de la enfermedad, dolor, disminución de la actividad funcional, entre otras. Desde nuestro conocimiento, aún no contamos con datos locales. Objetivos: evaluar la frecuencia de DS en mujeres con ES; describir las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y psicológicas asociadas con la DS en mujeres con ES. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, analítico y de corte transversal. Se incluyeron mujeres de entre 20 y 59 años con diagnóstico de ES, según los criterios de clasificación del European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (ACR/EULAR 2013). Se excluyeron pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no controladas, otras patologías reumatológicas autoinmunes, e inactividad sexual o patología genitourinaria no relacionadas a ES en las últimas 4 semanas. La DS se evaluó con la versión en español del cuestionario índice de función sexual femenina (Female sexual function index, FSFI). Resultados: se incluyeron 56 pacientes. El 78,57% presentó DS y 19,64% era sexualmente inactiva debido a la enfermedad. Escala visual análoga (EVA) de fatiga (coeficiente β: -0,08, IC 95%: -0,14 a -0,02; p<0,01), edad (coeficiente β: -0,23, IC 95%: -0,40 a -0,05; p=0,01) y fibromialgia (coeficiente β: -11,90, IC 95%: -17,98 a -5,82; p<0,01) mostraron una asociación significativa e independiente con DS en el análisis multivariado. Conclusiones: la DS es frecuente entre las mujeres con ES, y las pacientes más jóvenes, sin fibromialgia y con menor fatiga presentaron una mejor funcionalidad sexual.

Introduction: sexual impairment (SI) is common among women with chronic diseases, including systemic sclerosis (SSc). It has been associated with characteristics such as the duration of the disease, pain, decreased functional activity, among others. To the best of our knowledge, we still do not have local data. Objectives: to evaluate the frequency of SI in women with SSc. To describe the sociodemographic characteristics, disease itself and psychological items associated with SI in women with SSc. Materials and methods: observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. We included women between 20 and 59 years diagnosed with SSc according to 2013 classification criteria ACR/EULAR. We excluded patients with uncontrolled chronic diseases or other autoimmune rheumatologic diseases and patients who, in the last 4 weeks, had dyspareunia or were sexually inactive due to causes not attributable to their disease. SI was assessed using the Spanish version of female sexual function index questionnaire (FSFI). Results: 56 patients were included. 78.57% presented SI and 19.64% of them were sexually inactive patients due to the disease. Fatigue VAS (β coefficient: -0.08, CI 95%: -0.14 to -0.02; p<0.01), age (β coefficient: -0.23, CI 95%: -0.40 to -0.05; p=0.01) and fibromyalgia (β coefficient: -11.90, CI 95%: -17.98 to -5.82; p<0.01) showed significant and independent association with SI in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: SI is frequent among women with SSc, and younger patients, without fibromyalgia and with less fatigue have better sexual function.

Photochemical Csp2-H bond thiocyanation and selenocyanation of activated arenes, batch and continuous-flow approaches.

Herein, we report an eco-friendly photochemical oxidative Csp2-H thiocyanation and selenocyanation of activated arenes. The reaction proceeds under Violet LED irradiation in the presence of K2S2O8, which quickly oxidizes KSCN and KSeCN, finally producing arylthio/selenocyanates. Using this benign, atom-economic protocol, the desired chalcogenide products were obtained regioselectively, with isolated yields that range from very good to excellent. Although, mechanistic study indicates that it is difficult to distinguish between a radical to a SEAr reaction mechanism between the photo-induced formed •SCN, for the former, or NCSSCN, for the latter, to the aromatic heterocycles. The inhibition experiment together with the observed reactivity and regioselectivity, would be in agreement with the latter. The synthetic methodology designed could be successfully adapted to continuous-flow systems in a segmented-flow regime, employing the organic phase as the product reservoir. Using this setup, the advantage of the latter can be demonstrated by reducing the reaction time and improving the product yields. Similarly, the scaling up of the reaction to gram scale resulted in favorable outcomes by the flow setup, which installs the photo-flow chemistry as a powerful tool to be included into routine reaction procedures, which have great relevance for the pharmaceutical industry.

Large-Scale Implementation of a Daily Rapid Antigen Testing Program in California for Detecting SARS-CoV-2.

Objectives. To evaluate a daily antigen testing program for health care personnel. Methods. We examined antigen testing results between December 13, 2020, and April 30, 2021, from 5 forensic psychiatric inpatient hospitals throughout California. Results. Among 471 023 antigen tests administered, 449 positives (0.0036% false positives) were detected. Conclusions. Antigen tests had low false-positive rates, high positive predictive value, and high levels of acceptability, important characteristics when considering their application in the community. Public Health Implications. Daily antigen testing was feasible and should be considered to reduce COVID-19 transmission. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(3):467-471. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306588).

Miniature Coil for Wireless Power and Data Transfer through Aluminum.

This paper presents the design and development of miniature coils for wireless power and data transfer through metal. Our coil has a total size of 15 mm × 13 mm × 6 mm. Experimental results demonstrate that we can harvest 440 mW through a 1 mm-thick aluminum plate. Aluminum and stainless-steel barriers of different thicknesses were used to characterize coil performance. Using a pair of the designed coils, we have developed a through-metal communication system to successfully transfer data through a 1 mm-thick aluminum plate. A maximum data rate of 100 bps was achieved using only harvested power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates power and data transfer through aluminum using miniature coils.

Características sociodemográficas, ambientales y clínicas en pacientes con cáncer gástrico en San Gil, Colombia / Sociodemographic, environmental and clinical characteristics in patients with gastric cancer in San Gil, Colombia

Introducción: en la actualidad, el cáncer gástrico sigue ocupando un lugar importante entre las causas de muerte a nivel mundial. Objetivo: determinar las características sociodemográficas, ambientales y clínicas de los pacientes con cáncer gástrico en el municipio de San Gil, Colombia. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 13 casos de personas con diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de cáncer gástrico del municipio de San Gil, Santander, residentes del área rural y urbana. El análisis estadístico fue realizado con el programa Statistical Product and Service Solutions, versión 24.0 Resultados: el género con mayor afectación fue el masculino con un 62%. La mediana de edad de los participantes fue de 51 años con una edad mínima de 36 años y una edad máxima de 87 años. En el 61.5% el nivel de escolaridad fue la educación primaria. En cuanto a los factores ambientales, se encontró que el 69.2% consumieron alimentos salados y condimentados. Conclusiones: se encontró que una gran proporción de los participantes fueron del género masculino y residentes del casco urbano. Entre las ocupaciones, las más frecuentes fueron amas de casa y conductores de transporte pesado. Los síntomas que presentaron los participantes en el momento del diagnóstico fueron: pérdida de peso, hematemesis, dolor epigástrico y sensación de plenitud abdominal

Introduction: At present, gastric cancer continues to occupy an important place among the causes of death worldwide. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic, environmental, and clinical characteristics of patients with gastric cancer in the municipality of San Gil, Colombia. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 13 cases of people with clinical and histopathological diagnosis of gastric cancer from the municipality of San Gil, Santander, who were residents of rural and urban areas. Statistical analysis was carried out with the program Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS), version 24.0. Results: Men were the most affected, with 61.5%. The median age of the participants was 51 years with a minimum age of 36 years and a maximum of 87 years. In 61.5% the level of education was primary education. Regarding environmental factors, it was found that 69.2% consumed salty and spicy foods. Conclusions: It was found that a large proportion of the participants were male, urban residents. Concerning occupations, the most frequent were housewives and heavy truck drivers. Symptoms that participants presented at the time of diagnosis were weight loss, hematemesis, epigastric pain and fullness in upper abdomen.

Validity of a rapid diagnostic programme for head and neck cancer.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Given the epidemiological knowledge of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCHN), the prognosis in survival according to the staging at diagnosis and the absence of screening programmes that have proven cost-effective, we undertook a rapid diagnosis programme. The objective of this study was to analyse whether a rapid diagnostic programme (RDP) to be used by General Practitioners (GP) would achieve a change in the proportion of diagnoses in early versus late stages in these tumours. METHODS: A prospective observational study of patients diagnosed with a tumour of ENT location in our centre, was carried out for 24 consecutive months. A "suspicion algorithm" was designed and we established a rapid remission route for these patients. The data obtained (age, sex, toxic substance consumption, initial manifestations, tumour location and extension) were compared with the data of the patients in our ENT Service database diagnosed in the four years prior to the start of the study. RESULTS: 199 patients were included, and 82 ENT tumours diagnosed. The GPs sent to the Hospital via the RDP a total of 136 patients and 35 (26.1%) had a tumour. However, most of the tumours diagnosed in this period by our ENT Department (47 patients, 57.3% of all tumours diagnosed), were not suspected by the GP and were not sent via the RDP. Of the patients, 27% were diagnosed in stages I and II, and 73% in stages II and IV, there were no significant differences with the control group. The most frequent initial signs and symptoms were dysphonia, cervical mass and dysphagia, the relationship between initial symptom and stage at the moment of diagnosis was analysed, and in neither case did we obtain any significant variation. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a rapid diagnosis pathway for patients who, according to the algorithm created, had a suspected head and neck cancer, has not led to an increase in the diagnosis of these tumours in early stages or a decrease in diagnoses in advanced stages.

Validación del Score de Condición de Raynaud en Argentina / Validation of Raynaud's Condition Score in Argentina

Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue adaptar y validar el Score de Condición de Raynaud (SCR) en pacientes con Esclerosis Sistémica (SSc) que concurren a un hospital público de Argentina. Materiales y Métodos: Para la adaptación, reumatólogos tradujeron al español la versión original en inglés. Para evaluar la validez de constructo se utilizó: Cuestionario de Capacidad Funcional HAQ (HAQ), Índice Duruöz (ID), validados al español para Argentina, Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) de Raynaud por un experto y Score de Rodnan modificado (mRSS). Para evaluar reproducibilidad, se evaluó de forma aleatoria un subgrupo de pacientes sin mediar cambios en el tratamiento ni en la condición clínica 10 días después de la evaluación basal. Resultados: Se incluyeron 35 pacientes con diagnóstico de SSc. La correlación entre SCR y EVA del médico fue de 0.89; SCR y HAQ 0.58; SCR y mRSS 0.61; SCR e ID 0.57 indicando una muy buena correlación principalmente con el EVA del médico y siendo todos estadísticamente significativos. La reproducibilidad fue de 0.998. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que el SCR es una herramienta confiable y válida para esta población argentina con SSc.

Objetive: The aim of our study was to adapt and validate the Raynaud's Condition Score (RCS) in patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) who attend a public hospital in Argentina. Materials and Methods: For adaptation, rheumatologists translated to Spanish the original version in English. To assess the construct validity we used: Health Assesment Questionnaire (HAQ), Duruöz´s Hand Index (DHI), spanish validation for Argentina, Raynaud Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) by an expert and Modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). To assess reproducibility, a subgroup of patients was randomly evaluated with no changes in treatment or clinical condition ten days after the baseline evaluation. Results: A total of 35 patients with SSc were included. The correlation between RCS and Raynaud VAS by an expert was 0.89; RCS and HAQ 0.58; RCS and mRSS 0.61; RCS and DHI 0.57 indicating a very good correlation mainly between the studied Score and the Raynaud VAS and being all statistically significant. The reproducibility was 0.998. Conclusion: The results show that the RCS is a reliable and valid tool for this argentinian population with SSc.

Mechanistic Insight into the Light-Triggered CuAAC Reaction: Does Any of the Photocatalyst Go?

The attainment of transition-metal catalysis and photoredox catalysis has represented a great challenge over the last years. Herein, we have been able to merge both catalytic processes into what we have called "the light-triggered CuAAC reaction". Particularly, the CuAAC reaction reveals opposite outcomes depending on the nature of the photocatalyst (eosin Y disodium salt and riboflavin tetraacetate) and additives (DABCO, Et3N, and NaN3) employed. To get a better insight into the operating processes, steady-state, time-resolved emission, and laser flash photolysis experiments have been performed to determine reactivity and kinetic data. These results, in agreement with thermodynamic estimations based on reported data, support the proposed mechanisms. While for eosin Y (EY), Cu(II) was reduced by its triplet excited state; for riboflavin tetraacetate (RFTA), mainly triplet excited RFTA state photoreductions by electron donors as additives are mandatory, affording RFTA•- (from DABCO and NaN3) or RFTAH• (from Et3N). Subsequently, these species are responsible for the reduction of Cu(II). For both photocatalysts, photogenerated Cu(I) finally renders 1,2,3-triazole as the final product. The determined kinetic rate constants allowed postulating plausible mechanisms in both cases, bringing to light the importance of kinetic studies to achieve a strong understanding of photoredox processes.

The Cal-DSH diversion guidelines.

The Cal-DSH Diversion Guidelines provide 10 general guidelines that jurisdictions should consider when developing diversion programs for individuals with a serious mental illness (SMI) who become involved in the criminal justice system. Screening for SMI in a jail setting is reviewed. In addition, important treatment interventions for SMI and substance use disorders are highlighted with the need to address criminogenic risk factors highlighted.