[Changes in the state of monooxygenase system and lipid peroxidation under the effects of carcinogenic dust]. / Izmenenie sostoianiia monooksigenaznoi sistemy i perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri vozdeistvii kantserogenoopasnoi pyli.

The work was aimed to study relationship of monooxygenase system and lipid peroxidation in experiments and in clinical group. The examinees were workers engaged into graphite ware production and exposed to low fibrogenic dust of coke and graphite with carcinogens (including 3,4-benzpyrene). The experimental data and examination materials prove the carcinogens to alter seriously those systems. Long stimulation of monooxygenase system and activation of lipid peroxidation could result in more intensive carcinogenic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons being a component of coal pitch.

[Antifibrosis effect of modified forms of catalase and superoxide dismutase in experimental silicosis]. / Antifibroznoe deistvie modifitsirovannykh form katalazy i superoksiddismutazy pri éksperimental'nom silikoze.

The forms of catalase modified by treatment with dextran aldehyde were obtained and studied. Efficacy of the preparations containing native and modified forms of catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as their covalent bienzyme conjugate containing catalase-dextran aldehyde-superoxide dismutase was studied in rats with simulated silicosis. The preparations were administered into rats by means of inhalation and intraperitoneal injection. Positive protective effect exhibited a mixture of native enzymes and their covalent conjugate. The most pronounced additional effect was caused by the mixture of native catalase and superoxide dismutase as compared with modified preparation of superoxide dismutase. The preparation of bienzyme containing conjugate was less effective.

[The function of mono-oxygenase system in exposure to tricresol (experimental research)]. / Sosotianie monooksigenaznoi sistemy pri vozdeistvii trikrezola (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Studies of monoxygenase system in rat liver exposed to tricresol showed, that the microsomal enzymes status depends on the route of tricresol administration and on the exposure intensity. Monoxygenase system status compared with the serum enzymes activity characterizing the function of the liver showed that changes in microsomal system are more marked, appear earlier and after lower levels of exposure. Changes of cytochrome P-450 enzyme system are the main principle of tricresol harmful action.

[Antifibrotic effects of aldehyde dextran modified superoxide dismutase in experimental silicosis]. / Antifibroznoe deistvie modifitsirovannoi al'degiddekstranom superoksiddismutazy pri éksperimental'nom silikoze.

The present paper dwells on biomedical study of aldehyde dextran modified superoxide dismutase. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrated that modification of superoxide dismutase increased its half-time. A rat model of experimental silicosis showed that aldehyde dextran modified superoxide dismutase inhibited evolving fibrosis in the lungs. The same dose of native enzyme produced no therapeutic effect. Thus, superoxide dismutase can be considered as a potential agent for treatment of fibrosis due to its modification.

[Status of the protease inhibitor system in patients with dust-induced lung diseases]. / Sostoianie proteazno-ingibitornoi sistemy u bol'nykh s zabolevaniiami legkikh, vyzyvaemykh pyl'iu.

Investigation of protease inhibitors in the blood of silicosis and dust bronchitis patients revealed disbalance in the silicosis cases which manifested itself in growing elastase activity against normal protease inhibitors content--alpha 1 antitrypsin and alpha 2 macroglobuline. Meanwhile the silicosis cases, as compared with bronchitis, displayed greater biochemical changes, thus indicating inflammatory destructive processes in the lungs.

[Impairment of lipid peroxidation control in patients with dust-induced lung diseases]. / Narushenie kontrolia lipoperekisnogo okisleniia u bol'nykh pylevymi zabolevaniiami legkikh.

Content of lipid peroxides was increased in blood plasma of patients with dust-dependent diseases of lungs (fibrinogenous dust--pneumoconiosis, dust bronchitis; carcinogenous dust--dust bronchitis), whereas the tocopherol level was similar to normal values in pneumoconiosis and elevated in dust bronchitis. The increase in tocopherol content might be considered as a compensatory mechanism in response to augmented lipid peroxidation. At the same time, this compensation was not sufficiently effective, as a result of which the antioxidant activity was relatively decreased in blood plasma as well as the antioxidant control was impaired in tissues and accompanied by intensification of the free radical reactions.

[Comparative study of the properties of preparations of native and modified collagenase]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie svoistv preparatov nativnoi i modifitsirovannoi kollagenazy.

Collagenase was gradually modified by aldehyde dextran and hyaluronidase. The modification increased enzyme stability and widened pH-optimum of its activity against specific and biological substrates. The modified complex with collagenolytic and hyaluronidase activity accumulated in the lungs of mice after intravenous injection. These results demonstrate its possible use for the treatment of lung disorders.

[Action of dextran-modified hyaluronidase in experimental silicosis]. / Deistvie pri éksperimental'nom silikoze gialuronidazy, modifitsirovannoi dekstranom.

Dextran-modified hyaluronidase was inhaled or intraperitoneally injected for 4 months to mice with silicosis. Stabilized hyaluronidase was shown to have a marked inhibitory effect on the development of lung fibrosis. Drug inhalation proved to be the most effective. An antifibrotic effect of dextran itself has been observed.

[Activity of native and dextran-modified hyaluronidase in in vitro and in vivo systems]. / Izuchenie funktsionnirovaniia nativnoi i modifitsirovannoi dekstranom gialuronidazy v sistemakh in vitro i in vivo.

Modified hyaluronidase derivatives have been obtained. Covalent coupling of the enzyme with aldehyde dextran results in 65-85% protein binding to the carrier, residual catalytic activity accounting for 90-100% of the baseline. Modified hyaluronidase is more thermostable than the native enzyme. The data on intravenous drug distribution in the mouse organs are promising and ensure effective use of modified hyaluronidase for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.

[Changes in the kinetic characteristics of reactions catalyzed by erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase in experimental lead poisoning in rats]. / Izmenenie kineticheskikh kharakteristik reaktsii, kataliziruemoi delta-aminolevulinatdegidratazoi éritrotsitov, pri éksperimental'no svintsovoi intoksikatsii u krys.

An increase in values of both kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of the delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase reaction was observed in blood of rats poisoned with lead. The Km value of the reaction was increased, while Vmax--decreased, after addition of Pb2+ into rat blood in vitro. The results obtained as well as the data published in literature suggest that a compensatory mechanism appears to function in vivo, where a substrate, delta-aminolevulenic acid, plays a triggering role.

Results and perspectives of collaboration of CMEA member countries in the field of developing sanitary-chemical methods of determining toxic compounds in the air and biomedia.

Some theoretical and practical problems of controlling industrial environment and biological substrates in the CMEA countries are discussed. Particular attention has been paid to the unification of methodological instructions concerning common requirements and methods of supervision, as also to the coordination and unification of the methods of determining some chemical compounds in the air of the working zone and in biological materials.