RESUMO
Estudou-se o efeito da endogamia sobre as características sobrevivência (intervalos de 0-30; 30-60; 60-90 e 90-120 dias) e longevidade do escargot da espécie Helix aspersa em três gerações consecutivas de acasalamentos entre irmãos perfeitos. Os animais foram criados em laboratório com temperatura entre 20 e 25ºC e umidade relativa entre 70 a 90 por cento. O menor percentual de sobrevivência ocorreu no primeiro intervalo, mas, com o aumento da endogamia, observou-se diminuição na sobrevivência nos quatro intervalos testados. A longevidade média foi de 314 e 306 dias para as gerações um e três, respectivamente, não tendo sido observados animais em hibernação. O estudo de simulação para o caráter sobrevivência, em função do coeficiente de endogamia, indicou que se deve iniciar uma criação com, pelo menos, 100 reprodutores não aparentados.
The effect of inbreeding on longevity and viability (intervals of 0-30, 30-60, 60-90, and 90-120 days of birth) in three consecutive generations of full sibs of escargot Helix aspersa raised under laboratory conditions (20-25ºC temperature; 70-90 percent relative humidity) was studied. Inbreeding effects decreased the viability for all the studied intervals. The longevity means were 314 and 306 days, respectively to the first and third generations. Hibernating animals were not observed. Population size of at least 100 non-related mating escargots replaced after 10 generations to avoid inbreeding effect is recommended.
Assuntos
Animais , Caracois Helix , Longevidade , Taxa de Sobrevida , EndogamiaRESUMO
Estudou-se o efeito da endogamia sobre a maturidade sexual e fecundidade de escargot da espécie Helix aspersa, em três gerações consecutivas de irmãos perfeitos. Os animais foram criados em laboratório com temperatura entre 20 e 25ºC e umidade relativa entre 70 e 90 por cento. O efeito da endogamia foi negativo para as duas características. Quando o valor de F aumentou de 0,25 para 0,50, o percentual de animais sexualmente maduros aos 120 dias diminuiu de 59 para 18 por cento e o número de animais nascidos por postura diminuiu de 94 para 53. Para evitar o efeito negativo, recomenda-se o início de uma criação com pelo menos 100 reprodutores não aparentados, introduzindo-se novas matrizes após a 10ª geração.
Assuntos
Animais , Endogamia , Moluscos , ReproduçãoRESUMO
We developed a procedure to obtain fibroblasts from bat skin. A small fragment of the ear is removed under ether anesthesia. This material is then cut up into small pieces and cultured in standard cell culture media. Very good quality chromosome preparations for cytogenetic studies are obtained in about three weeks. Secondary cultures can be used for other biological studies. This procedure does not require sacrificing the animals
Assuntos
Animais , Fibroblastos , Pele/citologia , Quirópteros/genética , Biópsia , Análise CitogenéticaRESUMO
Descreve-se um caso de amelia anterior em um potro da raça Mangalarga Marchador, nascido de parto eutócico e sacrificado 40 dias após. O estudo cromossômico do potro, da égua e do garanhäo revelou cariótipo normal
Assuntos
Animais , Ectromelia/veterinária , Cavalos/anormalidadesRESUMO
A study of the pattern of late DNA replication in rhesus monkey chromosomes showed evident similarities with man. This must be a consequence of the evolutionary conservation of replication patterns in primate chromosomes, as it has been demonstrated in the great apes, in Cebus, and man. However, the pattern of late replication of the allocyclic X chromosome in lymphocytes of female rhesus monkey was identical with the fibroblast pattern in man, and with the pattern found in only 5 to 20% of human lymphocytes.
Assuntos
Replicação do DNA , Macaca mulatta/genética , Macaca/genética , Animais , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Feminino , Humanos , Linfócitos , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Especificidade da Espécie , Cromossomo XRESUMO
An analysis of the meiotic chromosomes of Cebus apella (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) has allowed for the visualization of constitutive heterochromatic regions throughout the meiotic cycle and has permitted the identification of four chromosomes in the first and the second divisions. In pachytene nuclei, and in pachytene spreads where synaptonemal complexes were visible, one heterochromatic region was frequently unpaired. No chiasmata were found in heterochromatic regions, and there was no evidence of chiasma terminalization. The role of heterochromatin in homologous pairing and its relationship to chiasma position and number in meiotic configurations were discussed. A comparison was made between bivalent 9 in C. apella and bivalent 21 in man, based on the interspecific homologies between these chromosomes. A similar comparison was made between the Algerian and Asian hedgehogs, where marked differences in the content of constitutive heterochromatin occur in two chromosome pairs.
Assuntos
Cebidae/genética , Cebus/genética , Cromossomos/ultraestrutura , Heterocromatina/ultraestrutura , Meiose , Animais , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Feminino , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Metáfase , Espermatogênese , Espermatogônias/ultraestrutura , Cromossomo X/ultraestrutura , Cromossomo Y/ultraestruturaRESUMO
An analysis of the meiotic chromosomes of Cebus apella (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) has allowed for the visualization of constitutive heterochromatic regions throughout the meiotic cycle and has permitted the identification of four chromosomes in the first and the second divisions. In pachytene nuclei, and in pachytene spreads where synaptonemal complexes were visible, one heterochromatic region was frequently unpaired. No chiasmata were found in heterochromatic regions, and there was no evidence of chiasma terminalization. The role of heterochromatin in homologous pairing and its relationship to chiasma position and number in meiotic configurations were discussed. A comparison was made between bivalent 9 in C. apella and bivalent 21 in man, based on the interspecific homologies between these chromosomes. A similar comparison was made between the Algerian and Asian hedgehogs, where marked differences in the content of constitutive heterochromatin occur in two chromosome pairs.
Assuntos
Animais , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cebidae/genética , Cebus/genética , Estágio Paquíteno , Platirrinos/genéticaRESUMO
A simple procedure for extracting a lectin from the seeds of the jackfruit, Artocarpus integrifolia, is described. The extracts had an average protein concentration of 13.3 mg/ml, and were strongly erythroagglutinating with a 10(6) titre. Erythroagglutination was shown to be non-specific for A1-B-0 erythrocytes. Lymphoblastic transformation and mitogenic stimulation occurred in lymphocyte cultures both in man and Rhesus monkey, and chromosome preparations were obtained. Such preparations were of good quality and were adequate for chromosome analysis with chromosome banding techniques. In man, the response to the mitogenic stimulation did not vary significantly between individuals. In Rhesus monkey, where Phaseolus vulgaris phytohaemagglutinin produced a weaker mitogenic stimulation than in man, jacalin proved to be very effective.