The Catalan initiative for the Earth BioGenome Project: contributing local data to global biodiversity genomics.

The Catalan Initiative for the Earth BioGenome Project (CBP) is an EBP-affiliated project network aimed at sequencing the genome of the >40 000 eukaryotic species estimated to live in the Catalan-speaking territories (Catalan Linguistic Area, CLA). These territories represent a biodiversity hotspot. While covering less than 1% of Europe, they are home to about one fourth of all known European eukaryotic species. These include a high proportion of endemisms, many of which are threatened. This trend is likely to get worse as the effects of global change are expected to be particularly severe across the Mediterranean Basin, particularly in freshwater ecosystems and mountain areas. Following the EBP model, the CBP is a networked organization that has been able to engage many scientific and non-scientific partners. In the pilot phase, the genomes of 52 species are being sequenced. As a case study in biodiversity conservation, we highlight the genome of the Balearic shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus, sequenced under the CBP umbrella.

External validation of three diabetes prediction scores in a Spanish cohort: does adding high risk for depression improve the validation of the FINDRISC score (FINDRISC-MOOD)?

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the external validity of the FINDRISC, DESIR and ADA risk scores for the prediction of diabetes in a Spanish population aged >45 years and to test the possible improvement of FINDRISC by adding a new variable of high risk of depression when Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) questionnaire score ≥10 (FINDRISC-MOOD). DESIGN: Prospective population-based cohort study. SETTING: 10 primary healthcare centres in the north of the city of Madrid (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1242 participants without a history of diabetes and with 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) plasma glucose <200 mg/dL (<11.1 mmol/L) were followed up for 7.3 years (median) using their electronic health records (EHRs) and telephone contact. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Diabetes risk scores (FINDRISC, DESIR, ADA), PHQ-9 questionnaire and 2-hour-OGTT were measured at baseline. Incident diabetes was defined as treatment for diabetes, fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL (≥7.0 mmol/L), new EHR diagnosis or self-reported diagnosis. External validation was performed according to optimal cut-off, sensitivity, specificity and Youden Index. Comparison between diabetes risk scores, including FINDRISC-MOOD (original FINDRISC score plus five points if PHQ-9 ≥10), was measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS: During follow-up, 104 (8.4%; 95% CI, 6.8 to 9.9) participants developed diabetes and 185 had a PHQ-9 score ≥10. The AUROC values were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.72) for FINDRISC-MOOD and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.71) for the original FINDRISC. The AUROCs for DESIR and ADA were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.68) and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.69), respectively. There were no significant differences in AUROC between FINDRISC-MOOD and the other scores. CONCLUSIONS: The results of FINDRISC-MOOD were like those of the other risk scores and do not allow it to be recommended for clinical use.

Relations of power and oppression within the delivery room: nursing narratives.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze, from the perspective of decolonial feminism, the power and oppression relations experienced by nurses in the delivery room in a hospital in Mexico. METHOD: Qualitative study in which 15 nurses selected by theoretical sampling were interviewed. The interviews were fully transcribed and subsequently analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: The emerging central category was "Inter- and intragender power/oppression relations" and psychological and symbolic violence were the most frequent types. Gender was confirmed as the most important structural determinant of oppression, cutting across bodies and professional identities. The conditions contributing to intragender conflict are age, expertise, and specialization. Three coping resources were documented: defenselessness, complicity and resistance. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to denaturalize the forms of power/oppression sustained by gender inequalities, but also to discuss other conditions that determine power/oppression relations between women and colleagues. Eradicating intra-gender and intergender violence is necessary to access safe working environments that promote creativity for the exercise of care.

Using mobile phone data to estimate dynamic population changes and improve the understanding of a pandemic: A case study in Andorra.

Compartmental models are often used to understand and predict the progression of an infectious disease such as COVID-19. The most basic of these models consider the total population of a region to be closed. Many incorporate human mobility into their transmission dynamics, usually based on static and aggregated data. However, mobility can change dramatically during a global pandemic as seen with COVID-19, making static data unsuitable. Recently, large mobility datasets derived from mobile devices have been used, along with COVID-19 infections data, to better understand the relationship between mobility and COVID-19. However, studies to date have relied on data that represent only a fraction of their target populations, and the data from mobile devices have been used for measuring mobility within the study region, without considering changes to the population as people enter and leave the region. This work presents a unique case study in Andorra, with comprehensive datasets that include telecoms data covering 100% of mobile subscribers in the country, and results from a serology testing program that more than 90% of the population voluntarily participated in. We use the telecoms data to both measure mobility within the country and to provide a real-time census of people entering, leaving and remaining in the country. We develop multiple SEIR (compartmental) models parameterized on these metrics and show how dynamic population metrics can improve the models. We find that total daily trips did not have predictive value in the SEIR models while country entrances did. As a secondary contribution of this work, we show how Andorra's serology testing program was likely impacted by people leaving the country. Overall, this case study suggests how using mobile phone data to measure dynamic population changes could improve studies that rely on more commonly used mobility metrics and the overall understanding of a pandemic.

Mobility and COVID-19 in Andorra: Country-Scale Analysis of High-Resolution Mobility Patterns and Infection Spread.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions, such as mobility restrictions, have been globally adopted as critically important strategies to curb the spread of infection. However, such interventions come with immense social and economic costs and the relative effectiveness of different mobility restrictions are not well understood. Some recent works have used telecoms data sources that cover fractions of a population to understand behavioral changes and how these changes have impacted case growth. This study analyzed uniquely comprehensive datasets in order to examine the relationship between mobility and transmission of COVID-19 in the country of Andorra. The data consisted of spatio-temporal telecoms data for all mobile subscribers in the country, serology screening results for 91% of the population, and COVID-19 case reports. A comprehensive set of mobility metrics was developed using the telecoms data to indicate entrances to the country, contact with tourists, stay-at-home rates, trip-making and levels of crowding. Mobility metrics were compared to infection rates across communities and transmission rate over time. All metrics dropped sharply at the start of the country's lockdown and gradually rose again as the restrictions were gradually lifted. Several of these metrics were highly correlated with lagged transmission rate. There was a stronger correlation for measures of indoor crowding and inter-community trip-making, and a weaker correlation for total trips (including intra-community trips) and stay-at-homes rates. These findings provide support for policies which aim to discourage gathering indoors while lifting the most restrictive mobility limitations.

Relations of power and oppression within the delivery room: nursing narratives / Relaciones de poder y opresión dentro de la sala de parto: narrativas de enfermería / Relaciones de poder y opresión dentro de la sala de parto: narrativas de enfermería

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze, from the perspective of decolonial feminism, the power and oppression relations experienced by nurses in the delivery room in a hospital in Mexico. Method: Qualitative study in which 15 nurses selected by theoretical sampling were interviewed. The interviews were fully transcribed and subsequently analyzed using content analysis. Results: The emerging central category was "Inter- and intragender power/oppression relations" and psychological and symbolic violence were the most frequent types. Gender was confirmed as the most important structural determinant of oppression, cutting across bodies and professional identities. The conditions contributing to intragender conflict are age, expertise, and specialization. Three coping resources were documented: defenselessness, complicity and resistance. Conclusion: It is necessary to denaturalize the forms of power/oppression sustained by gender inequalities, but also to discuss other conditions that determine power/oppression relations between women and colleagues. Eradicating intra-gender and intergender violence is necessary to access safe working environments that promote creativity for the exercise of care.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as relações de poder e opressão vivenciadas por enfermeiras na sala de parto de um hospital no México sob a perspectiva do feminismo decolonial. Método: Estudo qualitativo no qual foram entrevistadas 15 enfermeiras selecionadas por amostragem teórica. As entrevistas transcritas na íntegra foram posteriormente submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: A categoria central emergente foi "Relações inter e intragênero de poder/opressão" e as formas psicológica e simbólica de violência foram as mais frequentes. O gênero foi o mais importante determinante estrutural da opressão, atravessando corpos e identidades profissionais. As condições que contribuem para o conflito intragênero são idade, perícia habilidade e especialização. Três recursos de enfrentamento foram documentados: vulnerabilidade, cumplicidade e resistência. Conclusão: É necessário desnaturalizar as formas de poder/opressão sustentadas pelas desigualdades de gênero e discutir outras condições que determinam as relações de poder/opressão entre mulheres e colegas. Erradicar a violência intragênero e intergênero é necessário para acessar ambientes de trabalho seguros que promovam a criatividade para o exercício do cuidado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar desde la perspectiva del feminismo descolonial, las relaciones de poder y opresión que viven enfermeras dentro de la sala de parto en un hospital de México. Método: Estudio cualitativo en el que se entrevistó a 15 enfermeras seleccionadas por muestreo teórico. Las entrevistas transcritas en totalidad fueron sometidas posteriormente a análisis de contenido. Resultados: La categoría central emergente fue "Relaciones de poder/opresión inter e intragénericas" y las formas más frecuentes de violencia fueron psicológicas y simbólicas. El género se confirmó como el condicionante estructural más importante de la opresión, atravesando los cuerpos y las identidades profesionales. Las condiciones que contribuyen al conflicto intragénero son la edad, la expertis y la especialización. Se documentaron tres recursos para el afrontamiento: indefensión, complicidad y resistencia. Conclusión: Es necesario desnaturalizar las formas de poder/opresión sustentadas en las desigualdades de género, pero también discutir otras condiciones que determinan relaciones de poder/opresión entre mujeres y colegas. Erradicar las violencias intragenéricas e integénericas es necesario para acceder a entornos laborales seguros y que potencien la creatividad para ejercer el cuidado.

Mass SARS-CoV-2 serological screening, a population-based study in the Principality of Andorra.

BACKGROUND: Andorra is a small country located in the Pyrenees attracting millions of visitors for tourism, mostly associated with skiing, and nature-related activities. As its neighbouring countries, Spain and France, it has been heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the entire country by universal serological testing under a lockdown environment. METHODS: A total of 77,543 inhabitants of Andorra were invited to participate in the study. From 4-28 May, 2020, two cross sectional serological surveys were conducted using a rapid serological test (nCOV IgG/IgM) on a finger prick blood sample in 59 drive-through or walk-through checkpoints, all over Andorra. We calculated seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and analysed the main sociodemographic factors associated with being seropositive. FINDINGS: 70,494 inhabitants (90.9% of the population) participated in at least one survey. Overall seroprevalence was 11.0%. The most affected age groups were those over 90 years old (15.2%) and 80-89 (13.8%), followed by adults 50-59 (13.6%) and adolescents 10-19 (13.7%). Most seropositive participants, 6,061 (95.1%), were asymptomatic before the surveys. The multivariable analysis showed that the odds of being seropositive was higher among seasonal workers (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.07-5.45) or in the population living in La Massana region, a popular ski-related area (OR 2.66; 95% CI 2.44-2.89). A higher seroprevalence was observed in those familiar nuclei with greater numbers of cohabitants: 18% in families with 6 household members or more; 13% in medium size families (3/4/5 people) and 12% in small size (1 to 2 people) nuclei. INTERPRETATION: The prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the population of Andorra was high during the first wave of the pandemic. Seasonal workers and inhabitants based in La Massana presented a higher seroprevalence. Mass antibody screening allows to identify infection hotspots and should contribute to the design of tailored interventions to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Andorra. FUNDING: Andorran Ministry of Health, Andorran Health Services.

Imaginarios en torno al aborto en un grupo de adolescentes embarazadas en situación marginal en México / Imaginary about abortion in a group of marginalized pregnant adolescents in Mexico

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue documentar los imaginarios sobre el aborto que tiene un grupo de adolescentes embarazadas en situación marginal en México, con el fin de identificar si la continuación y conclusión de sus embarazos deriva de una decisión o de la ausencia de opciones para interrumpir la gestación. Este es un estudio cualitativo-biográfico, realizado con entrevistas individuales a doce adolescentes embarazadas, las cuales fueron audiograbadas, transcritas y posteriormente analizadas desde la metodología de Krueger. El aborto figura en su imaginario más como un deseo que una estrategia. Aunque la mayor parte narra haber deseado perder al producto de la concepción, ninguna intentó realizar la interrupción de la gestación. La culpa, el miedo y la romantización de la maternidad fueron las principales razones por las que decidieron continuar el embarazo. Se concluye que los retos para acceder a la interrupción del embarazo en las adolescentes se complejizan en el marco de la existencia de una serie de estereotipos culturales construidos en torno a los cuerpos y la función social de las mujeres; lo que contribuye a que se resignen al ejercicio de maternazgos sin las capacidades físicas, psicológicas y sociales para hacerlo.

Abstract The objective of the study was to document the imaginary about abortion in a group of pregnant adolescents in a marginalized situation in Mexico, in order to identify whether the continuation and termination of their pregnancies derives from a decision or the absence of options to terminate the pregnancy. This is a qualitative-biographical study, carried out with individual interviews with twelve pregnant adolescents, which were audio-recorded, transcribed and later analyzed using Krueger's methodology. Abortion figures in their imaginary are more a desire than a strategy. Although most of them report having wished to lose the product of conception, none of them attempted to terminate the pregnancy. Guilt, fear and the romanticization of motherhood were the main reasons why they decided to continue the pregnancy. It is concluded that the challenges to accessing pregnancy termination in adolescents are complex because of the context of the existence of many cultural stereotypes built around women's bodies and social role, which contributes to their acceptance of the exercise of motherhood without the physical, psychological and social capacities to do it.

Representaciones sociales de la maternidad temprana en adolescentes embarazadas del centro norte de México / Social representations of early motherhood among pregnant teenagers from North Central Mexico

Los embarazos adolescentes representan un problema de salud pública en los países latinoamericanos. La escasa comprensión de los imaginarios sociales que enmarcan el embarazo y las maternidades tempranas, contribuyen a la complejidad de un fenómeno que se contempla como un problema para los Estados, pero que puede no ser visto así por los colectivos y particularmente por las jóvenes que viven esta experiencia. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las representaciones sociales sobre maternidades tempranas que poseen adolescentes embarazadas. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con enfoque en representaciones sociales y perspectiva de género, entrevistándose a 13 adolescentes del centro norte de México que cursaban embarazos de más de 20 semanas de gestación y aceptaran participar de manera voluntaria. Sobre las entrevistas transcritas se implementó análisis de contenido desde la propuesta por Krueger. RESULTADOS: La maternidad temprana se representa como una experiencia enmarcada en culpa y miedo, pero también como una condición que da sentido a la vida de aquellas que antes del embarazo ya habían visto truncado su proyecto de vida. Resultó relevante identificar que varias de las informantes, representaban una mejor experiencia de la maternidad lejanas a la compañía de sus parejas, por asociar la vida conyugal con violencia y pérdida de autonomía. CONCLUSIONES: Se da cuenta de la manera en que se estructura el concepto de maternidad adolescente, y se posibilita estimar, de manera más real, los riesgos sociales que estas mujeres y sus hijos confrontan, no desde el antecedente histórico sino dentro de un contexto sociocultural en el que las representaciones sociales están reestructurándose de manera permanente.

Adolescent pregnancy represents a public health problem in Latin American countries. Limited understanding of local perceptions surrounding pregnancy and early motherhood contribute to the complexity of the phenomenon, which is seen as a problem by government officials, but may not be seen as such by the general population nor by affected adolescents. Thus, the objective of the research was to analyze pregnant adolescents' social views of motherhood. A qualitative study focusing on social representations and gender perspective was conducted, and 13 adolescents from north central Mexico, who were pregnant with more than 20 weeks gestation and voluntarily accepted to participate, were interviewed. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using the Krueger method for content analysis. RESULTS: Early motherhood is represented as an experience marked by guilt and fear, but also as a condition that provides meaning to adolescents who felt that their lives had been led off course prior to their pregnancies. It is important to note that several participants expressed feeling better when they were far from their partners, since they associated those relationships with violence and a loss of autonomy. CONCLUSIONS: The study identifies pregnant adolescents' conceptualization of adolescent motherhood and allows for a more accurate estimation of the social risks that these women and their children face, not from a historical perspective but rather within a sociocultural context in which social representations are constantly being restructured.

Peripheral Atherosclerosis in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction: A Population-Based Study.

INTRODUCTION: The presence of erectile dysfunction (ED) could be a warning of vascular disease in different arterial territories. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ED and the presence of atherosclerosis in 2 different vascular beds: carotid and lower limbs. METHODS: A total of 614 volunteers between 45 and 74 years of age (mean age 61.0 years) were randomly selected from the general population. ED was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement and carotid atherosclerosis were evaluated by echo-Doppler. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), prevalence of carotid plaques, mean ABI, and prevalence of ABI < 0.9 were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: ED was present in 373 subjects (59.7%). Mean carotid IMT was significantly higher in men with ED (0.762 ± 0.151 mm vs 0.718 ± 0.114 mm, P < .001). Also the global prevalence of carotid plaques was more frequent in men with ED (63.8% vs 44.8%, P < .001), even after adjusting by age, cardiovascular risk factors, and ongoing treatment (P = .039). Both the IMT and the prevalence of carotid plaques increased significantly with ED severity (P trend .004 and <.001, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups neither in mean ABI nor in the prevalence of subjects with ABI < 0.9. However, there was a trend to a lower ABI and a higher prevalence of ABI < 0.9 with increasing ED severity. CONCLUSION: In the general population, the presence of ED identifies subjects with higher atherosclerosis burden in carotid arteries but not in the lower extremities.