Utilization of cervical cancer screening and determinant factors among female nurses in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the top cause of death among childbearing women globally and public health issue for underdeveloped nations.It is the world's second most prevalent cancer among women. In 2018, 311,000 women died due to cervical cancer.Approximately 80 % of these deaths occurred in developing countries.However, there has been insufficient research on cervical cancer screening utilisation among Ethiopian nurses, despite the fact that nurses promote women's health and play a key role in cervical cancer education. As a result, evaluating utilization of cervical cancer screening among nurses is critical for program effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude of utilization of cervical cancer screening and determinant factors among female Nurses in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODOLOGY: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed from October 1 to November 30, 2022. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 22 for data management and analysis. Bivariate and multi-variable logistic regressions were employed to identify the predictor variables. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05 with adjusted odds ratio calculated at 95 % CI. RESULT: The magnitude of utilization of cervical cancer screening among nurses working in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa was 18.5 % (95 % CI: 14.2, 23.1). Having work experience > 8 years (AOR = 16.78; 95 % CI: 4.82, 58.44), history of STI (AOR = 53.72; 95 % CI: 14.18, 203.45) and having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 12.74; 95 % CI: 4.15, 39.11) were significantly associated with utilization of cervical cancer screening among female nurses. CONCLUSION: The overall cervical cancer screening rate among female nurses was low compared to the WHO strategy for cervical cancer elimination, which asks for 70 % of women worldwide to be checked for cervical illnesses regularly by 2030. According to the study findings, respondents' work experience, STI history, and having multiple sexual partners influenced their utilization of cervical cancer screening among nurses. To boost the utilization of screening services, female nurses should place a strong emphasis on maintaining screening awareness through education and knowledge sharing.Finally, we recommend future researchers to do comparative study design to draw any scientific and credible conclusions.

Postpartum depression and associated factor among mothers attending public health centers of Yeka sub city, addis ababa Ethiopia.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major public health concern that affects both the mother's health and the development of the child.Postpartum depression is defined by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) as the development of a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) within four weeks of birth. The rate of postpartum depression statistics is lacking in developing countries. This indicates that the data can be much higher if diagnosed and reported.There for this study assessed the magnitude of postpartum depression and its associated factors among mothers attending selected public health center of Yeka sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method and materials: An institutional-based cross-sectional approach was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022 among 454 postpartum women. A single population proportion equations was used to calculate the sample size for this investigation.A multi-stage sampling method was applied based on the health center they are attending.One of the eleven sub-cities in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, was chosen for this procedure using a simple random selection technique. Furthermore, four health centers from the selected sub-city were chosen using simple random selection.For data collection, structured questioners were utilised.The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, also known as the EPDS, was used to assess participants' postpartum depression. The data was validated, coded, and entered into Epi-data before being exported to SPSS for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used. P-values less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant. Result: The overall prevalence of postpartum depression was 23.8 % [95 % CI (20-27.8)].Being single [AOR = 7.4, 95 % CI (4.2-12.9)], having complications during pregnancy [AOR = 2.1, 95 % CI (1.16-3.82)], Bottle feeding immediately after birth [AOR = 0.3, 95 % CI (0.13-0.66)], and having low perceived psycho-social support [AOR = 3.5, 95 % CI (1.4-8.5)] were significantly associated with postpartum depression. Conclusion and recommendation: The current study found that post postpartum depression is highly prevalent among women. As a result, we recommend that to have regular screening, follow up and mental health care in postnatal periods of pregnancy. Because the period following childbirth is stressful, especially for new mothers, emotional and psychosocial support should be provided both in the community and in health care settings. Keywords:Postpartum depression, Women, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS),Ethiopia.

Incidence and predictors of recurrent acute coronary syndrome among adult patients with acute coronary syndrome in West Amhara, Ethiopia: a multicenter retrospective follow-up study.

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Furthermore, the recurrence of this problem has significant adverse outcomes. However, there is insufficient information pertaining to this problem in Ethiopia; hence, this study aims to assess the incidence rate and identify the predictors of ACS recurrence in the West Amhara region. Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 469 patients diagnosed with primary ACS. Data from the patient chart were collected using a pre-tested structured data extraction tool. The study employed the Weibull regression analysis model, and the effect size was measured using an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical significance of the findings was established based on a p-value <0.05. Result: A total of 429 patients were included in the final analysis [average age, 60 ± 13.9 years; and 245 (57.1%) men]. A total of 53 patients (12.35%; 95% CI: 9.55%-15.83%) experienced recurrent ACS. The overall risk time was found to be 93,914 days (3,130.47 months), and the recurrence rate was 17/1,000 patients/month. The identified predictors were the typical symptoms of ACS such as syncope (HR: 3.54, p = 0.013), fatigue (HR: 5.23, p < 0.001), history of chronic kidney disease (HR: 8.22, p < 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction of <40% (HR: 2.34, p = 0.009), not taking in-hospital treatments [aspirin (HR: 9.22, p < 0.001), clopidogrel (HR: 4.11, p = 0.001), statins (HR: 2.74, p = 0.012)], and medication at discharge [statins (HR: 4.56, p < 0.001)]. Conclusion: This study found a higher incidence rate of recurrent ACS. Hence, the implementation of guideline-recommended anti-ischemic treatment should be strengthened.

Sleep Quality and Associated Factors Among Adult Cancer Patients Under Treatment at Oncology Units in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Poor sleep quality, a common, under-diagnosed, and under-treated problem in cancer patients, has negative physical and psychological consequences, but its prevalence and associated factors are not well studied in Ethiopia. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep quality and its associated factors among adult cancer patients receiving treatment at oncology units in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods and Materials: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients with cancer under treatment at the oncology units in the Amhara region from April 12 to May 12/2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 423 samples. Data were collected using a structured Interviewer-administered questionnaire. Sleep quality and depression were assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and depression subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed, considering p < 0.25 to select candidate variables for multivariable analysis and p < 0.05 to be statistically significant in the final model. Results: A total of 410 cancer patients participated in this study. The mean of the participant's age was 44.2 (range: 20-77) years. More than half (52.7%) of participants received chemotherapy and the remaining were treated with a combination of treatments. Two-hundred ninety-three (71.5%) of participants had poor sleep quality and 28.5% had good sleep quality. The factors found to be significantly associated with poor sleep quality were advanced age [AOR = 1.037, 95% CI: (1.012-1.062)]; having depressive symptoms [AOR = 2.862, 95% CI: (1.133, 7.228)]; having distant metastasis cancer [AOR = 3.758, 95% CI: (1.585, 8.909)]; and increased severity of pain [AOR = 1.331, 95% CI: (1.106, 1.601)]. Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among cancer patients. Early screening and management of sleep problems are crucial in patients with cancer.

Human immune deficiency virus among cervical cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The discrepancy in cervical cancer incidence between women with HIV and women without HIV is highest in low and middle-income countries. In Africa, cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer death. As a result, HIV-infected women are 6 times more likely to develop cervical cancer than uninfected women. In addition, HIV is associated with several triggering factors for cervical cancer, including multiple sexual partners, early sexual debut, economic status and substance use. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of HIV among cervical cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted among 1057 cervical cancer patients registered from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 at Oncology Center of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. A structured English version checklist was used to collect the data from patient charts. The pre coded data were entered in to EPI-data version 3.1 then exported to STATA version 14.0 for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable regression analysis were carried out. Variables with p value < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were consider as significant predictors of the outcome variable. RESULT: The prevalence of HIV among cervical cancer patients was 18.35%. HIV among cervical cancer patients was significantly associated with age group 30-39 [AOR = 2.83; 95%CI (1.27, 6.22)] and 40-49 [AOR = 2.39; 95%CI (1.07, 5.32)], employed [AOR = 2.23; 95%CI (1.46, 3.41)] and substance users [AOR = 3.92; 95%CI (2.04, 6.28)]. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that about 18% of cervical cancer patients were HIV seropositive. HIV seropositivity was significantly increased with 30-49 age group, employed and substance users. Authors recommended that it is better to screen all HIV seropositive patients for cervical cancer and give greater attention for women with cervical cancer in the age groups of 30-49 years, employed and substance users.

Determinants of Mortality among Cervical Cancer Patients Attending in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: Institutional-Based Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Globally, about 570,000 cases and 311,000 deaths of cervical cancer occurred in 2018. It was the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Africa. The global mean age at death of cervical cancer was about 59 years. This study aimed to assess the determinants of cervical cancer mortality among cervical cancer patients attending in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH). METHODS: Institutional-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in the oncology center of TASH, Ethiopia, from March to April 2019. Data were extracted from patients' chart using structured checklist and analyzed using Stata 14.2. Cox regression was used to identify variables that affect the outcome variable. RESULT: From the total of 2045 reviewed medical records of cervical cancer patients, 1057 medical records were found to be complete and included in this study. The incidence of mortality among cervical cancer patients was 15.6/100/years. Mortality was significantly increased with advanced age (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.02, 95% CI (1.01-1.03)), comorbidity (AHR = 1.8, 95% CI (1.39-1.89)), being anemic (AHR = 1.42, 95% CI (1.07-1.89)), advanced stage (AHR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.24-2.13)), and being substance user (AHR = 2.71, 95% CI (2.08-3.53)). CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the incidence of mortality within the cohort was 15.6/100/years. Mortality was significantly increased with advanced age, anemia, advanced stage, comorbidity, and using substances. It is better to give special attention to patients with anemia, advanced age, advanced stage, comorbidity, and substance usage. In addition, expanding cervical cancer early screening will decrease the mortality of patients.

Adherence to Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy and Associated Factors Among Women with Breast Cancer Attending the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2019: A Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: In breast cancer patients, adherence to adjuvant hormone therapy (AHT) is uncertain. Seven in every 10 patients were hormone receptor positive and adjuvant hormone therapy (AHT) is prescribed for 5-10 years for a woman with breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this research was to examine adherence to adjuvant hormone therapy and related factors among women with breast cancer attending the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Oncology Center. METHODS: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. Medication possession ratio (MPR) was used where score ≥80% was adherence. Data were entered in EpiData version 4.4.2.1 and transferred to SPSS version 25, and analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Out of 216 women with breast cancer 209 participated in the study with a response rate of 97%. The overall adherence in this study was 77.5%. Getting social support (OR=3.959, 95%CI: 1.570-9.980), being on anastrozole (OR=0.139, 95%CI: 0.040-0.485), getting a thorough therapeutic communication about treatment (OR=4.590, 95%CI: 1.061-19.863), undergoing mastectomy (OR=0.215, 95%CI: 0.059-0.788), having side effects (OR=0.210, 95%CI: 0.085-0.517) were found to be significantly associated with adherence to AHT. CONCLUSION: In general, the overall adherence to AHT was 77.5% for women with breast cancer. Factors such as types of adjuvant hormone therapy, lack of side effects, mastectomy, getting social support, and thorough therapeutic communication were strongly linked with adherence to them.