[Yaws in Côte d'lvoire: health problem forgotten and neglected]. / Le pian en Côte d'Ivoire: problème de santé oublié et négligé.

Yaws is endemic in Côte d'Ivoire, with an hospital incidence estimated by the medical statistics at 0.58 per thousand in 2000; cases of yaws were notified in all medical districts. This study describes the yaws situation in Côte d'Ivoire based on available hospital statistics and a cross section investigation. The yaws diagnoses during the investigation were based on clinic lesions. The yaws prevalence found at the end of the investigation was 5 per thousand: the majority of the patients were children under 15 years old (82%) and male (91%). Only 27% of diagnosed patients had a medical treatment at the time of the study. Yaws is still endemic in Côte d'Ivoire which underlines the need for an implementation of a national control strategy.

In vitro prediction of carcinogenicity using a bovine papillomavirus DNA--carrying C3H/10T 1/2 cell line (T1). II: Results from the testing of 100 chemicals.

A new in vitro test for identifying carcinogens is evaluated against a testing database of 100 chemicals including the following groups: steroids, antineoplastics, PCBs, dioxins, alkyl halides, aromatic amines, nitrogen heterocycles, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, mustards, and benzodioxoles. The assay uses focus formation in a stable, BPV-1-DNA-carrying C3H/10T 1/2 mouse embryo fibroblast cell line (T1), which does not require transfection, infection with virus, or isolation of primary cells from animals. For this group of chemicals, the T1 assay correctly predicted the rodent carcinogenicity or noncarcinogenicity of 77% of the chemicals for which carcinogenicity is reported. Based on published data the bacterial mutagenicity assay would have correctly predicted carcinogenicity or noncarcinogenicity of 53% of the chemicals. The Syrian hamster embryo test would have correctly predicted carcinogenicity or noncarcinogenicity of 61% of the chemicals. We also demonstrate dose--response relationships for two of the chemicals. We report the responses of T1 cells to the group of chemicals used in the International Life Sciences Institute's program for screening of alternative methods of predicting carcinogenicity.

In vitro determination of carcinogenicity of sixty-four compounds using a bovine papillomavirus DNA-carrying C3H/10T(1/2) cell line.

A new in vitro test for predicting rodent carcinogenicity is evaluated against a testing database of 64 chemicals including both genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogens and carcinogens that normally require addition of an S-9 microsomal fraction for detection in the bacterial mutagenicity assay. The assay uses focus formation in a stable, bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) DNA carrying C3H/10T(1/2) mouse embryo fibroblast cell line (T1) that does not require transfection, infection with virus, isolation of primary cells from animals, or addition of a microsomal fraction. Of a total database of 64 compounds, 92% of the carcinogens, promoters, or noncarcinogens were correctly predicted. Based on previously reported results, the test of bacterial mutagenicity would have correctly predicted 58% of carcinogens, promoters or noncarcinogens and the Syrian hamster embryo test would have correctly predicted 87% of carcinogens, promoters, or noncarcinogens of this database. Of carcinogens that normally require addition of an S-9 fraction, T1 cells correctly predicted rodent carcinogenicity of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, aflatoxins, azo-compounds, nitrosamines, and hydrazine without the addition of an S-9 fraction. Of nongenotoxic carcinogens, T1 cells correctly predicted diethylstilbestroel, diethylhexylphthalate, acetamides, alkyl halides, ethyl carbamate, and phorbol ester tumour promoters.