Two Congenital Gastrointestinal Malformations: A Case of Omphalocele and Meckel's Diverticulum in a Neonate.

Omphalocele is a malformation of the abdominal wall varying in size and located at the base of the umbilical cord. Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract with an increased prevalence in newborns with congenital malformations of the umbilicus and gastrointestinal tract. The association between Meckel's diverticulum and omphalocele has been described in rare cases. We present the case of a newborn diagnosed with both entities.

Neonatal Skull Depression: The Role of Cranial Ultrasound.

Nontraumatic congenital neonatal skull depression is a rare condition resulting from external forces shaping the fetal skull. Typically, newborns are asymptomatic, and, usually, the condition resolves in a few months with no need for intervention. However, many newborns undergo a CT scan, an ionizing technique, to check for fractures or intracranial lesions. We report a case of congenital skull depression without neurological deficits, managed conservatively through clinical monitoring and ultrasound.

Platelet transfusions in preterm infants: current concepts and controversies-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Platelet transfusions (PTx) are the principal approach for treating neonatal thrombocytopenia, a common hematological abnormality affecting neonates, particularly preterm infants. However, evidence about the outcomes associated with PTx and whether they provide clinical benefit or harm is lacking. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the association between PTx in preterm infants and mortality, major bleeding, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in comparison to not transfusing or using different platelet count thresholds for transfusion. A broad electronic search in three databases was performed in December 2022. We included randomized controlled trials, and cohort and case control studies of preterm infants with thrombocytopenia that (i) compared treatment with platelet transfusion vs. no platelet transfusion, (ii) assessed the platelet count threshold for PTx, or (iii) compared single to multiple PTx. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between PTx and mortality, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), sepsis, and NEC and, in the presence of substantial heterogeneity, leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed. We screened 625 abstracts and 50 full texts and identified 18 reports of 13 eligible studies. The qualitative analysis of the included studies revealed controversial results as several studies showed an association between PTx in preterm infants and a higher risk of mortality, major bleeding, sepsis, and NEC, while others did not present a significant relationship. The meta-analysis results suggest a significant association between PTx and mortality (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8-3.4; p < 0.0001), as well as sepsis (RR 4.5, 95% CI 3.7-5.6; p < 0.0001), after a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. There was also found a significant correlation between PTx and NEC (RR 5.2, 95% CI 3.3-8.3; p < 0.0001). As we were not able to reduce heterogeneity in the assessment of the relationship between PTx and IVH, no conclusion could be taken.    Conclusion: Platelet transfusions in preterm infants are associated to a higher risk of death, sepsis, and NEC and, possibly, to a higher incidence of IVH. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations, namely between PTx and IVH, and to define the threshold from which PTx should be given with less harm effect. What is Known: • Platelet transfusions are given to preterm infants with thrombocytopenia either to treat bleeding or to prevent hemorrhage. • Lack of consensual criteria for transfusion. What is New: • A significant association between platelet transfusions and mortality, sepsis, and NEC.