[Post-graduated education and medical pedagogics: a new approach based on the competence-oriented educational program for neurologists in the field of children epileptology]. / Poslediplomnoe obrazovanie i meditsinskaia pedagogika: novyi podkhod na osnove kompetentnostno-orientirovannoi obrazovatel'noi programmy dlia vrachei-nevrologov v oblasti detskoi épileptologii.

The highly qualified performance of jobs according to professional standards due to the reformed system of additional professional education is one of the objectives of practical health care. The development of the educational program 'Children epileptology. Clinical, diagnostic and treatment issues' for increasing the qualification of neurologists was based on the competent approach that orients the content and process of education on the formation of competence in work performance. Work performance, in its turn, allowed the determination of professional tasks by neurologists. Module principles used in the development of the Program provided its structuration in accordance to step by step formation of physician competencies aimed to solve professional tasks. In its turn, professional tasks determined a choice of didactic conditions of each educational module (form, methods and means of education) that leads to the achievement of planned results.

[(DESIGNING EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LABOR FUNCTIONS OF THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS (IN CASE OF THE EDUCATIONAL MODULE "MALARIA, CONTROL AND PREVENTION METHODS")].

The paper considers the methodologic features of designing educational programs in accordance with the labor func- tions of the professional standards, by using the working program of the educational module "malaria, control and preven- tion methods> as an example. The basis for the relationship between the labor functions and the content of educational programs is a physician's professional task that ensures that the specific labor function is performed. In turn, the profes- sional task defines the characteristics of educational and professional problems that are a unit for designing the content of each training module. Thus, the content of the training module and the training of a physician are closely linked with the goals and objectives of labor functions of the professional standard, which enhances the professional orientation of educational programs.

[EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR THE LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION OF THE PATHOGENS OF PARASITIC DISEASES AS AN ELEMENT FOR IMPROVING THE POSTGRADUATE TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS].

Within the framework of the Federal External Quality Assessment (EQA) System and in the context of postgraduate training improvement for health workers in 2010-2014, specialists from the laboratories of the therapeutic-prophylactic organizations and institutions of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare were examined for their professional competence in microscopically identifying the pathogens of parasitic diseases in feces. The virtual remote educational computer technology tools that included different combinations of 16 helminthic species, 5 intestinal protozoan species, and a number of artefacts, were used. The specialists from 984 laboratories of multidisciplinary therapeutic-prophylactic organizations and hygiene and epidemiology centers in all Federal Districts of the Russian Federation were covered. A total of 8245 replies were analyzed. The detection rate for helminths was 64.0%, including those by a taxonomic group (nematodes, 65.0%; cestodes, 72.0%; trematodes, 55.1%). There was a dynamic decrease in the above indicators. There were low detection rates for trematodes parasitizing the small intestine (Metagonimus, 10.2%; Nanophyetus, 26.2%) and hepatobiliary organs (Fasciola, 59.6%; Clonorchis, 34.9%). The similar trend was seen in the detection rates for the pathogens of geohelminthisms (ascariasis, trichocephaliasis, etc.) and contagious helminthisms (enterobiasis, hymenolepiasis). The level of competence in detecting and identifying intestinal protozoa was much lower than the similar rates for helminthism pathogens. EQA for the laboratory diagnosis of the pathogens of parasitic diseases, by using the virtual tools is a leading element of the postgraduate training system for laboratory specialists. The results of EQA for the laboratory diagnosis of the pathogens of parasitic diseases are a basic material for the development, and improvement of training modernization programs, by applying a modular approach.

[Treatment of asthenoneurotic disorders in children]. / Korrektsiya astenonevroticheskikh rasstroistv u detei.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of cogitum in the treatment of asthenoneurotic disorders in children after bacterial meningitis (BM) or brain injury (BI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients were examined. Group 1 included 14 patients with BM, 8 boys and 6 girls, aged 7 - 12 years, mean age 9,91 ± 1,71 years; group 2 consisted of 10 patients with BI, 6 boys and 4 girls, aged 7-12 years, mean age 10,4 ± 2,36 years. All patients received cogitum in dose of 250- 500 mg daily during 8 weeks. Neurological and neuropsychological (Bourdon's test, Luria's tests) examinations, EEG, MRI were performed before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The study of cognitive functions showed a decrease in the accuracy and speed during performance of Bourdon's and Luria's tests. After the beginning of treatment with cogitum, 80% of the patients in both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in the accuracy of Bourdon's test (р<0,01) and verbal retention (р<0,001). Repeated EEG (3-6 months after treatment) showed the distinct theta- , alpha-, beta- rhythms and clear zonal differences. Given a spectrum of clinical effects of cogitum, the authors recommend it for active use in pediatric practice.

[METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO DEFINING CRITERIA FOR ACCREDITATION OF SPECIALISTS (IN CASE OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGISTS)].

In 2016, provision is made for the transition for an accreditation system for all health workers to have individual permits for specific kinds of medical activities. Regular accreditation of health workers is one of the constituents of medical education, which is being intensively elaborated by the Ministry of Health of Russia jointly with a professional community by the module principle of using an accumulation system of valid credits. Despite the fact that higher educational establishments belong to different agencies, educational programs for physicians, criteria and procedures for their accreditation must be uniform. In this connection, there is today's challenge of methodological and methodical approaches to defining criteria for the accreditation of specialists of healthcare facilities of the Ministry of Health of Russia, bodies and institutions of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. In the context of systemic and functional methodological approaches, the paper shows a procedure for defining criteria for the accreditation of specialists (in case of medical parasitologists).

[THE FUNCTIONAL CONSTITUENT OF A BIOLOGICAL COMPONENT IN PROGRAMS FOR TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN THE AREA OF PARASITOLOGY FOR ACCREDITATION].

The paper considers the functional aspects of a biological component in programs for training specialists in the area of Parasitology for accreditation within the current enactments, including those on modernization of public health and additional professional education. The working program of the module "Fundamental Disciplines" has been used as an example to outline approaches to molding a medical parasitologist's capacity and readiness to solve professional tasks on the basis of knowledge of fundamental disciplines: biology, immunology, and medical geography. Education fundamentalization is shown to suggest more unsupervised work of a learner in the teaching process. The fundamental constituent of a biological component of the 'programs for training learners in the specialty of Parasitology for accreditation is shown in the interaction of all sections of this area with special and allied subjects.

[A PROJECT TARGETED APPROACH TO IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING OF PARASITOLOGISTS].

A project targeted approach is the methodological basis for organizing professional education, which deals with learning objectives, content, and technologies as a professional activity design where all components-of a teaching process are constructed on an integrative basis. The project targeted approach is the basis for a project method. The latter ensures that the learning objectives are achieved through the creation of a professionally significant problem, which should yield a real, tangible practical result. At the same time, the organization of a specialist's training and professional activities undergoes a complete cycle: from revelation of a problem to implementation of a project, its assessment and reflection (a comparative analysis of the organization and quality of practical activity). The high effectiveness of the project method contributes to the better environmental training of parasitologists and to the improvement of their professional readiness to solve specific parasitogenic problems.

[THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF TOXOCARIASIS FOCI AS AN ELEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IN CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI)].

The epidemiological and epizootiological features of toxocariasis foci were investigated in the Republic of Altai. The results of coproovoscopic examinations of dogs, those of serological screening for toxocariasis among different age and occupational groups and coniingents at risk for HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, patients with allergic and bronchopulmonary diseases, toxocariasis mortality rates in the Republic of Altai, and the materials of sanitary and parasitological studies of soil and other environmental constituents for Toxocara canis eggs provide support for the poor situation of toxocariasis in the region. Relying on the current standards and the findings of this study, the Republic of Altai may be referred to as a moderately dangerous area at medium risk for contamination in terms of epidemic, epizootic, and environmental hazards. The results of assessing the quality of laboratory diagnosis of zoonotic helminthisms call for further improvement of the professional knowledge, abilities, and skills of the employees from health care and veterinary facilities, as well as economic objects within production laboratory control, basing on the principles and requirements of the environmental management system and the food quality and safety management system.