Translational research of new developments in targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.

A severe global health concern is the rising incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC). Chemotherapy, which is typically used to treat CRC, is known to have limited specificity and can have noticeable side effects. A paradigm shift in cancer treatment has been brought about by the development of targeted therapies, which has led to the appearance of pharmacological agents with improved efficacy and decreased toxicity. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and BRAF are among the molecular targets covered in this review that are used in targeted therapy for CRC. The current discussion also covers advancements in targeted therapeutic approaches, such as antibody-drug conjugates, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. A review of the clinical trials and application of these particular therapies in treating CRC is also done. Despite the improvements in targeted therapy for CRC, problems such as drug resistance and patient selection remain to be solved. Despite this, targeted therapies have offered fresh possibilities for identifying and treating CRC, paving the way for the development of personalized medicine and extending the life expectancy and general well-being of CRC patients.

Drug delivery and anticancer activity of biosynthesised mesoporous Fe2 O3 nanoparticles.

Mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles of haematite were synthesised using plant extracts according to bioethics principles. The structural, physical and chemical properties of mesoporous Fe2 O3 nanoparticles synthesised with the green chemistry approach were evaluated by XRD, SEM, EDAX, BET, VSM and HRTEM analysis. Then, their toxicity against normal HUVECs and MCF7 cancer cells was evaluated by MTT assay for 48 h. These biogenic mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles have over 71% of doxorubicin loading efficiency, resulting in a 50% reduction of cancer cells at a 0.5 µg.ml-1 concentration. Therefore, it is suggested that mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles be used as a multifunctional agent in medicine (therapeutic-diagnostic). The produced mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles with its inherent structural properties such as polygonal structure (increasing surface area to particle volume) and porosity with large pore volume became a suitable substrate for loading the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin.