The relationship between serum leptin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels and clinical parameters in primary fibromyalgia patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of leptin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and their relations with clinical parameters in patients with primary fibromyalgia and healthy controls. METHODS: Our study was performed on 30 female patients with primary fibromyalgia and 30 healthy controls. The levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 were measured by a two-site immunoradiometric assay. The serum level of leptin was measured by the ELISA kit. RESULTS: The serum level of leptin was significantly higher, but the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 were significantly lower in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome than healthy controls (p<0.001). The leptin level was positively correlated with the Visual Analog Scale, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire score, Beck Depression Inventory score, tender point count, age, and duration of disease (p<0.001), but it was negatively correlated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (p<0.001). The insulin-like growth factor-1 level was negatively correlated with age, Visual Analog Scale, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory scores, duration of disease, and tender point count (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that high levels of serum leptin and low levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 may play a role in the physiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia and may be related to some symptoms.

The relationship between serum leptin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels and clinical parameters in primary fibromyalgia patients

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of leptin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and their relations with clinical parameters in patients with primary fibromyalgia and healthy controls. METHODS: Our study was performed on 30 female patients with primary fibromyalgia and 30 healthy controls. The levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 were measured by a two-site immunoradiometric assay. The serum level of leptin was measured by the ELISA kit. RESULTS: The serum level of leptin was significantly higher, but the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 were significantly lower in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome than healthy controls (p<0.001). The leptin level was positively correlated with the Visual Analog Scale, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire score, Beck Depression Inventory score, tender point count, age, and duration of disease (p<0.001), but it was negatively correlated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (p<0.001). The insulin-like growth factor-1 level was negatively correlated with age, Visual Analog Scale, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory scores, duration of disease, and tender point count (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that high levels of serum leptin and low levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 may play a role in the physiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia and may be related to some symptoms.

Leptin levels and lipoprotein profiles in patients with cholelithiasis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationships between serum leptin and levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in patients with cholelithiasis. METHODS: Patients with ultrasound-confirmed cholelithiasis and controls frequency-matched for age, sex, body mass index, fasting blood glucose and haemoglobin A1c levels were recruited. Fasting blood samples from all study participants were assayed for glucose, haemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride. Serum Lp(a), ApoA-1 and ApoB levels were measured using nephelometric assays; serum leptin was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients with cholelithiasis and 50 controls were included in the study. Serum levels of leptin, Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglyceride and ApoB were significantly increased, and levels of ApoA-1 and HDL-C were significantly decreased, in patients with cholelithiasis compared with controls. Serum leptin in patients with cholelithiasis were significantly positively correlated with Lp(a) and ApoB and negatively correlated with ApoA-1. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cholelithiasis have higher leptin levels and an altered lipoprotein profile compared with controls, with increased leptin levels being associated with increased Lp(a) and ApoB levels, and decreased ApoA-1 levels, in those with cholelithiasis.

Evaluation of paraoxonase, malondialdehyde, and lipoprotein levels in patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis.

BACKGROUND/AIM: To compare lipoprotein and malondialdehyde levels and paraoxonase-1 activity between subjects with asymptomatic cholelithiasis and controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty subjects with asymptomatic cholelithiasis (55 women, 25 men, mean age: 51, SD 14 years) and 40 control subjects without cholelithiasis (25 women, 25 men, mean age: 51, SD 12 years) were enrolled to the study. Serum paraoxonase activity, lipoproteins, and malondialdehyde were measured. RESULTS: In the cholelithiasis group, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and malondialdehyde were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and paraoxonase-1 were significantly lower than the controls. In cholelithiasis patients with serum glucose level>100 mg/dL, body mass index, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher than cholelithiasis patients with serum glucose level<100 mg/dL. Paraoxonase-1 activity was significantly lower in patients with serum glucose level>100 mg/dL. In cholelithiasis patients with TG>150 mg/dL, mean age, body mass index, glucose, total cholesterol, and malondialdehyde were significantly higher than in cholelithiasis patients with TG<150 mg/dL. In cholelithiasis subgroup with TG>150 mg/dL, HDL-C level and paraoxonase-1 activity were lower than in the cholelithiasis subgroup with TG<150 mg/dL. All of the above comparisons were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis have evidence of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant capacity. Patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis with components of the metabolic syndrome have more lipid peroxidation and less antioxidant capacity than patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis but without the components of the metabolic syndrome.

Evaluation of leptin and insulin resistance in patients with cholelithiasis.

The association between insulin resistance, lipoproteins and leptin was evaluated in cholelithiasis. The study group included 55 women (68.8%) and 25 men (31.3%) with a mean age and SD of 50.56 +/- 14.28 yrs. The control group included 25 women (62.5%) and 15 men (37.5%) with a mean age of 50.93 +/- 11.73 yrs. Serum leptin levels were measured by the enzyme immunoassay method. HOMA-IR was determined by using fasting glucose and insulin levels. Insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HOMA-IR (p < 0.01) and leptin (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the cholelithiasis group, compared to the controls. In patients with a HOMA-IR >2.2, age, body mass index (BMI), glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), TC and leptin levels were higher than in patients with a HOMA-IR < 2.2. In patients with glucose levels >100 mg/dl, mean BMI, HOMA-IR, insulin, TG, TC and leptin levels were significantly higher than in patients with glucose levels <100 mg/dl. In patients with TG levels >150 mg/dl, mean age, BMI, glucose, insulin, TC, leptin and HOMA-IR were significantly higher than in patients with TG levels < 150 mg/dl. In patients with BMI > 25 kg/m2, mean age, glucose, insulin, TG, TC, leptin, HOMA-IR were significantly higher than in patients with BMI < 25. In cholelithiasis group, there was a positive correlation between leptin and age, BMI, glucose, insulin, TG, TC, LDL-C or HOMA-IR. In conclusion, we found a positive association between increased leptin levels and abnormal lipoprotein metabolism in cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis subjects with insulin resistance showed higher cardiometabolic risk factors than those without it.

Effect of oxidative stress on antioxidant enzyme activities, homocysteine and lipoproteins in chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to determine the association of paraoxonase (PON1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, with lipoprotein and homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations in chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: We examined 60 patients with CKD (35 men and 25 women), aged 52.7 -/+ 3.1 years, and 60 age-, sex- and body mass index (BMI)-matched control subjects. Serum PON1 activity, levels of lipoproteins, Hcy and MDA were evaluated; SOD and CAT activities in erythrocytes were also investigated. RESULTS: Levels of MDA, lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and Hcy were significantly higher, while PON1 activity was lower in CKD than in controls (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between the patients and controls in the SOD and CAT activities (p>0.05). Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) were lower in CKD than in controls (p<0.001), whereas total cholesterol (T-Chol) and triglyceride (TG) levels showed no significant difference between the groups. Levels of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were higher in CKD than in controls (p<0.001). In CKD, PON1 activities were correlated with levels of Hcy, MDA, HDL-C, Lp(a) and ApoA-I. A significant positive correlation was found between levels of Hcy and Lp(a). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this work suggest that patients with CKD exhibit an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance which is closely related to high levels of atherosclerotic risk factors.

Potential atherogenic roles of lipids, lipoprotein(a) and lipid peroxidation in preeclampsia.

AIMS: To evaluate changes in lipid profile, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and placental MDA in preeclamptic women, and to evaluate the atherogenic role of these changes in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed in 20 normal pregnant women, 25 women with mild preeclampsia and 28 women with severe preeclampsia in the third trimester. MDA, which is the endproduct of lipid peroxidation, was measured in placental tissue by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method of Ohkawa and colleagues and in serum by the TBA method of Asakawa and Matsushita. Serum lipid levels were measured by with an autoanalyzer, serum apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and Apo B were measured by nephelometric assay and serum Lp(a) level using a nephelometric agglutination assay method. In preeclamptic and normal pregnant women, multiple comparisons between groups were performed by one-way analysis of variance supplemented with Tukey's HSD post hoc test. The association between placental and serum concentrations among groups was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: Serum levels of MDA, Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and placental MDA were significantly higher, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Apo A-I levels were significantly lower, in severely preeclamptic and mildly preeclamptic women than in the normal pregnant women, but no difference was observed in Apo B among groups. Serum level of Lp(a) was positively correlated with body mass index in severely preeclamptic women (r=0.489, p=0.008). A significant positive correlation was also found between serum level of MDA and systolic blood pressure in women with severe preeclampsia (r=0.375, p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that high Lp(a), lipid peroxidation, LDL-C and TG, and low HDL-C and Apo A-I levels, are important risk factors for atherosclerosis among preeclamptic women.

Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, status of trace metals and leptin levels in preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in enzyme activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and placental glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and analyze the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), leptin and placental MDA and glutathione (GSH). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional prospective study consisting of 32 preeclamptic (PE) pregnant, 25 non-pregnant (NP) women, 28 healthy pregnant (HP) women. Levels of lipid peroxides in serum and placenta, and activities of SOD, catalase in erythrocyte and placental GSH level, placental GSH-Px activity were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Serum levels of Cu, Zn, Se measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum levels of leptin was measured by enzyme immunoassay by using the Cayman chemical kit. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey-HSD test and Pearson correlation test were used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS: Serum levels of MDA, Cu, Leptin were markedly higher (P < 0.001); and serum level of Se was markedly lower (P < 0.001) in PE women compared with HP women and NP women. Also, placental MDA level was higher (P < 0.001) and placental GSH-Px activity was lower in PE women compared with HP women. In preeclamptic women erythrocyte catalase activity was markedly increased (P < 0.001), while erythrocyte SOD activity was markedly decreased (P < 0.001) compared to HP women and NP women. Placental GSH level was decreased compared to HP women (P < 0.001). Serum level of Zn was markedly decreased compared to NP women (P < 0.001) but no significant difference was observed in PE pregnant when compared with HP women (P > 0.05). Placental MDA level in PE women had significant negative correlation with serum Se level (r = -0.353, P < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between erythrocyte catalase activity with birth weight (r = -0.528, P < 0.001). Also, there were a significant negative correlation between serum levels of Cu and Se in the preeclamptic women (r = -0.407, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that elevation of lipid peroxides together with impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms and status of trace metals and the presence of possible interrelationship and crosstalk between those parameters may be related at least partly to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Additionally, lipid peroxides and blood oxidative imbalance could be part of the cytotoxic mechanisms leading to endothelial cell injury.

The relationship between plasma levels of leptin and androgen in healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: To clarify the role of leptin and androgens in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, we wanted to assess role of maternal leptin in women with severe and mild preeclampsia and the effects of sex steroid hormones on leptin production. METHODS: The groups consisted of 40 healthy pregnant women (HPW) as well as 55 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia (SPE) and 41 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia (MPE). No significant differences were observed between the three groups regarding age, gestational age and body mass index (BMI). Plasma leptin, total testosterone (T), estradiol (E(2)), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and androstenedione (A) levels were measured. Statistical analysis was achieved with one-way analysis of variance (anova) followed by post hoc multiple comparisons with the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test by using SPSS for Windows statistical computer program, and the Pearson's coefficient of correlation was calculated. RESULTS: The plasma level of leptin was significantly increased in the SPE and MPE groups (p < 0.001), whereas the plasma level of T was significantly increased only in the SPE group (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in plasma levels of DHEAS among the three groups (p < 0.05). The plasma level of A was significantly decreased in the MPE group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the plasma level of E(2) in the MPE and SPE groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the plasma levels of leptin and E(2) in the MPE group (r = 0.41, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We concluded that the elevated plasma levels of leptin and testosterone could contribute to the endothelial dysfunction involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, and that estradiol might lead to an increase in the plasma levels of leptin.