RESUMO
A monogalactosyl diacylglyceride (MGDG) was isolated as an antiviral component from Coccomyxa sp. KJ (IPOD FERM BP-22254) via bioassay-guided fractionation. α-Linolenic acid (C18:3) and 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid (C16:3) accounted for approximately 72% and 23%, respectively, of the MGDG total fatty acids of the MGDG. The MGDG showed virucidal activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), a pathogen that causes genital herpes. Physical changes in HSV-2 shape were observed after treatment with MGDG, including a decrease in particle size, and possible damage to the viral envelope, as assessed using electron microscopy. In accordance with the morphological findings, virus particles lost their ability to bind to host cells. HSV-2 treated with high concentrations of MGDG resulted in no pathogenicity in an animal model, indicating that MGDG exhibits irreversible virucidal activity against HSV-2 particles. In the animal model of HSV-2-induced genital herpes, intravaginally administered MGDG exerted a prophylactic effect by suppressing viral yields in the genital cavity and formation of herpetic lesions, resulting in a higher survival rate in treated mice than control mice administered solvent. Thus, MGDG offers a novel prophylactic option against HSV infections.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Galactolipídeos/farmacologia , Herpes Genital/terapia , Herpesvirus Humano 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Microalgas/química , Administração Intravaginal , Animais , Antivirais/análise , Chlorocebus aethiops , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Feminino , Galactolipídeos/análise , Herpes Genital/virologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Tamanho da Partícula , Células Vero , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/análiseRESUMO
Although biodiesel oil extracted from microalgae attracts much attention as one of the most promising green energies, its high production cost is a big problem, impeding its extensive use. In order to lower the production cost, the effective use of microalgal residue after extracting biofuel was investigated as a feed material of functional materials. In the present work, a new adsorbent for silver(I) was prepared by immobilizing functional groups of polyethylene-polyamine or dithiooxamide, which exhibita high affinity for soft Lewis acids such as silver(I) ions. Their adsorption behaviors for silver(I) were investigated from aqueous nitrate and acidothiourea media. The effects of the concentrations of nitrate and thiourea, as well as of sulfuric acid, were qualitatively interpreted. From the study of adsorption isotherms on these gels, they were found to exhibita higher adsorption capacity than the majority of those reported to date.
RESUMO
An adsorption gel was prepared from microalgal waste after extracting biodiesel oil by a simple chemical treatment of crosslinking using concentrated sulfuric acid. The adsorbent exhibited notably high selectivity and adsorption capacity towards Cs(+) over Na(+) from aqueous solutions, within the pH range of slightly acidic to neutral. The adsorption followed Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity of the gel for Cs(+) calculated from Langmuir model was found to be 1.36 mol kg(-1). Trace concentration of Cs(+) ions present in aqueous streams was successfully separated from Na(+) ions using a column packed with the adsorbent at pH 6.5. The adsorption capacity of the gel towards Cs(+) in column operation was 0.13 mol kg(-1). Although the adsorbed Cs(+) ions were easily eluted using 1M hydrochloric acid solution, simple incineration is proposed as an alternative for the treatment of adsorbent loaded with radioactive Cs(+) ions due to the combustible characteristics of this adsorbent.