RESUMO
Few studies have used molecular epidemiological methods to study transmission links to clinical isolates in intensive care units. Ninety-four multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) cultured from routine specimens from intensive care unit (ICU) patients over 13 weeks were stored (11 meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), two vancomycin-resistant enterococci and 81 Gram-negative bacteria). Medical staff personal mobile phones, departmental phones, and ICU keyboards were swabbed and cultured for MDROs; MRSA was isolated from two phones. Environmental and patient isolates of the same genus were selected for whole genome sequencing. On whole genome sequencing, the mobile phone isolates had a pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distance of 183. However, >15,000 core genome SNPs separated the mobile phone and clinical isolates. In a low-endemic setting, mobile phones and keyboards appear unlikely to contribute to hospital-acquired MDROs.
Assuntos
Telefone Celular , Computadores , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Microbiologia Ambiental , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina/isolamento & purificação , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Genótipo , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/classificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/genética , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Epidemiologia Molecular , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina/classificação , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina/genética , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) encompass a heterogeneous group of delayed hypersensitivity reactions, which are most frequently caused by drugs. Our understanding of several aspects of SCAR syndromes has evolved considerably over the last decade. This review explores evolving knowledge of the immunopathogenic mechanisms, pharmacogenomic associations, in vivo and ex vivo diagnostics for causality assessment, and medication cross-reactivity data related to SCAR syndromes. Given the rarity and severity of these diseases, multidisciplinary collaboration through large international, national and/or multicentre networks to collect prospective data on patients with SCAR syndromes should be prioritized. This will further enhance a systematized framework for translating epidemiological, clinical and immunopathogenetic advances into preventive efforts and improved outcomes for patients.
Assuntos
Toxidermias/etiologia , Alopurinol/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Carbamazepina/efeitos adversos , Cefalosporinas/efeitos adversos , Didesoxinucleosídeos/efeitos adversos , Toxidermias/diagnóstico , Toxidermias/imunologia , Interações Medicamentosas , Infecções por Herpesviridae/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Farmacogenética/tendências , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes Cutâneos/métodos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Ativação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Latência Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a subepidermal autoimmune bullous disease characterized by linear IgA deposition at the basement membrane zone, which is visualized by direct immunofluorescence. Patients with LABD typically present with widespread vesicles and bullae; however, this is not necessarily the case, as the clinical presentation of this disease is heterogeneous. LABD clinically presenting as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an infrequent, yet well-described phenomenon. Most cases of LABD are idiopathic, but some cases are drug-induced. Multiple drugs have been implicated in the development of LABD. We report a case of piperacillin-tazobactam-induced LABD presenting clinically as SJS/TEN overlap. This is the first reported case of a strong causal association between piperacillin-tazobactam and the development of LABD.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Dermatose Linear Bolhosa por IgA/induzido quimicamente , Ácido Penicilânico/análogos & derivados , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácido Penicilânico/efeitos adversos , Piperacilina/efeitos adversos , Combinação Piperacilina e TazobactamAssuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/diagnóstico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Vasculares/diagnóstico , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/etiologia , Humanos , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/tratamento farmacológico , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Masculino , Rituximab/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias Vasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Vasculares/patologia , Redução de PesoRESUMO
International travellers with immunocompromising conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, solid organ transplantation (SOT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at a significant risk of travel-related illnesses from both communicable and non-communicable diseases, depending on the intensity of underlying immune dysfunction, travel destinations and activities. In addition, the choice of travel vaccinations, timing and protective antibody responses are also highly dependent on the underlying conditions and thus pose significant challenges to the health-care providers who are involved in pre-travel risk assessment. This review article provides a framework of understanding and approach to aforementioned groups of immunocompromised travellers regarding pre-travel risk assessment and management; in particular travel vaccinations, infectious and non-infectious disease risks and provision of condition-specific advice; to reduce travel-related mortality and morbidity.
Assuntos
Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Transplantados , Viagem , Vacinação , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Humanos , Transplante de Órgãos , Profilaxia Pré-Exposição , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
We report the first case of fatal spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and fulminant hepatitis caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in a patient with hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis.
RESUMO
A new genus and species of medium-sized fossil primate, Myanmarpithecus yarshensis, is described from the lastest middle Eocene sediments of Pondaung, central Myanmar (Burma). The specimens consist of right maxillary fragments with P(4)-M(3)and a left mandibular corpus with C-P(3)and M(2-3). To date, three purported anthropoids have been discovered from the Pondaung Formation: Pondaungia and Amphipithecus (Amphipithecidae) and Bahinia (Eosimiidae). Myanmarpithecus differs from these other Pondaung primates in having cingular hypocones on upper molars and in lacking paraconids on M(2-3). Although Myanmarpithecus resembles some utahiin omomyines in superficial aspects of the morphology of M(2-3)(i.e., mesiodistally compressed molar trigonid and enamel crenulation), the morphological analysis of upper molars and lower premolars indicates that it is neither an omomyoid nor an adapoid but is more derived than fossil prosimians (such as adapoids, omomyoids, and tarsiers) and more anthropoid-like. On the other hand, it is more primitive (prosimian-like) than early anthropoids from the late Eocene/early Oligocene of the Fayum, Egypt. Myanmarpithecus is likely to be an early, primitive anthropoid ("protoanthropoid").