[Role of the catecholaminergic mechanisms and of the caudate nucleus in the development of generalized convulsions caused by the parenteral administration of penicillin]. / Rol' katekholaminergicheskikh mekhanizmov i khvostatogo iadra v razvitii generalizovannykh sudorog, vyzyvaemykh parenetral'nym vvedeniem penitsilina.

In freely moving cats the behavioral and EEG-shifts, accompanied by myoclonic jerks with slow negative waves and spike-wave complexes in the cortexand caudate nucleus, were recorded following a single intramuscular injection of high penicillin doses. The stimulants of catecholaminergic transmission (L-DOPA and apomorphine) inhibited the development of such phenomena but facilitated origination of tonicoclonic cramps. The inhibitors of catecholaminergic synapses (aminazin and haloperidol) exerted reverse effects. The electrolytic injury to the caudate nucleus head also prevented formation of petit mal-like seizures while the threshold low-frequency stimulation of the nucleus increased penicillin effect.

Metrazol-induced petit mal: the role played by monoaminergic mechanisms and striatum.

Gradually accumulating subconvulsive doses of metrazol give rise to behavioral and electrographic effects close to petit mal epilepsy: slow negative waves and spike-wave complexes on EEG, frozen and myoclonic jerks. Intensification of monoaminergic transmission with apomorphine, DOPA or 5-hydroxytryptophan attenuates, but inhibition (chlorpromazine, haloperidol and p-chlorphenylalanine), on the contrary, increases the subconvulsive effect of the metrazol. Low frequency stimulation of the striatum potentiates, and lesion limits expressiveness of metrazol-induced petit mal. Bilateral electrolytic lesion of the striatum eliminates apomorphine, DOPA and haloperidol action, but slight changes the effects of chlorpromazine, 5-hydroxytryptophan and p-chlorphenylalanine.

[Participation of monoaminergic mechanisms and the striatum in the development of "petit mal" induced by corazole]. / Uchasti monoaminergicheskikh mekhanizmov I striatuma v razvitii "malogo épilepticheskogo pripadka" vyzyvaemogo korazolom.

In gradual cumulation of subconvulsive doses of corasole in mice there are certain changes of behaviour and electrographical signs which are close to "petit mal": slow negative waves and peak-wave complexes on the EEG, myoclonic jerks. An increase of monoaminergic transmission of apomorphine, DOPA, or 5--hydroxyhyptophane weakens the preconvulsive effect of corasol, while its inhibition by aminasine, haloperidol and p-chlorphenylalanine on the contrary increases it. A low frequency electric stimulation of the striatum potentiates the expressiveness of corasole "petit mal", while its destruction limits it. A bilateral destruction of the striatum eliminates the action of apomorphine, DOPA and haloperidol but only slightly changes the effect of aminazine, 5-hydroxytryptophane and p-chlorphenylalanine.

[Effect of corazole on the functional activity of the caudate nucleus]. / Vliianie korazola na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' khvostatogo iadra

In chronic experiments with freely moving cats the action of diverse metrazol doses on the d,1-amphetamine-induced stereotype behaviour and the arrest reaction following low frequency stimulation of the caudate nucleus was studied. After injections of metrazol (20--30 mg/kg, i.c.) myoclonic seizure jerks and decreased locomotion occurred. This state was accompanied by depression of the stereotype behaviour and lowered arrest reaction threshold. It is suggested that some behavioural and the EEG metrazol-induced changes may come as a result of the caudate nucleus activation.

[Role of the striatum in the influence of serotoninergic substances on the course of corazole seizures in rats]. / O roli striatuma vo vliianii serotoninergicheskikh veshchestv na techenie korazolovykh sudorog u krys

The effect of 5-oxytryptophane (5-OT) and of parachlor-phenylalanine (pCPA) on the behaviouristic EEG manifestations of metrazol convulsions in electrostimulation and destruction of the striatum was studied. The effect of the preparations on the myoclonia and the spike-wave rhythm caused by metrazol did not largely depend on the functional condition of the corpus striatum. The capacity of 5-OT to facilitate, and of pCPA to aggravate the course of generalized convulsions and of the postconvulsive state became enhanced in stimulation and was eliminated after the destruction of the striatum.

[Effect of striatectomy on the course of corazole seizures in rats]. / Vliianie striatéktomii na techenie korazolovykh sudorog u krys

Behaviouristic and EEG-manifestations of pentylentetrazol convulsions were studied in unrestrained rats with preliminarily destroyed striatum. The operation caused no significant disturbance of the appearance of the spike-wave activity, but sharply inhibited provocation of myoclonic and their change into tonico-clonic convulsions. Besides, there was an increase in the threshold, the duration and the severity of the attack; an epileptic status was even observed in 50% of these rats. Striatectomy eliminated the action of catecholaminergic agents (apomorphine, DOPA, haloperidol, chlorpromazine) on the thresholds of myclonic jerks and the attack.

[Preconvulsive state and hyperfunction of the striatum (clinico-experimental findings)]. / Predsudorozhnoe sostoianie i giperfunktsiia striatuma (kliniko-éksperimental'nye dannye)

The paper is concerned with a clinico-experimental study of the influence of intesified activity in the neostriatum on the EEG indices which may appear during the introduction of increased doses of corazol. In 10 cases with different forms of parkinsonism there was a much easier appearance of clinical and EEG manifestations of convulsive activity, than in normals. In experiments on rats preconvulsive effects were exerted by such neuroleptics as haloperidol unlike apomorphine, possessing opposite properties.

[Effect of catecholaminergic substances on the proconvulsive properties of the caudate nucleus]. / Vliianie katekholaminergicheskikh sredstv na prokonvul'sivnye svoistva khvostatogo iadra

In the freely moving rats stimulants of catecholaminergic tramission (DOPA, apomorphine, d,1-amphetamine, and also their combination with disulfiram) reduced the proconvulsive properties of the caudate nucleus. Under the effect of these substances there occurred a shortening of the cortical electroencephalographic response to a single stimulation of the nucleus in the animals given subconvulsive doses of pentaxylenetetrazol and a reduction of the extent of the spike-wave rhythm induced by the repeated caudate stimuli. On the contrary, inhibitors of catecholaminergic transmission (chlorpromazine, haloperidol, alpha-methyltyrosine and disulfiram) intensified the proconvulsive effect of the caudate nucleus.

[The role of the caudate nucleus in the development of convulsive discharges]. / O roli khvostatogo iadra v vozniknovenii sudorozhnykh razriadov

A single or rhythmical (1-3/sec) stimulation of the caudate nucleus in unrestrained rats facilitated formation of slow negative waves and the spike-wave complexes in the EEG of the sensory-motor cortex and contralateral neostriatum, as well as development of behavioral disturbances due to subseisure doses of pentylentetrazol. During the low-frequency stimulation of the caudate nucleus or after its cessation, when giving the convulsant drug, regular potentials of the spike-wave type or a general seizure may occur. The caudate nucleus is supposed to be able to participate in the petit mal seizure mechanisms because of its syndhronizing influences on the cortex.