Microorganisms for the oxidation of nitrated cellulose in its effluents (review).

The processes of microbiological destruction of toxic and large-tonnage waste are the most attractive processes for protecting the environment. The review considers the results of studies of microbial decomposition of nitrate esters, including hardly decomposable nitrocellulose. The published data show that specific microorganisms are able to degrade nitrated cellulose compounds under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The most promising microorganisms in terms of the efficiency of the nitrocellulose degradation process are bacteria belonging to Desulfovibrio genera, fungi Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii, as well as their co-cultivation. Recently, the first information about the enzymes involved in the process of nitrocellulose degradation, possible mechanisms of reactions carried out by these enzymes, and the effect of electron donors and acceptors adding to the process have been obtained. Contamination of industrial wastewater with nitrocellulose leads to treatment necessity by using cost-effective, harmless methods. A combined aerobic-anaerobic system, including both bacteria and fungi, has shown hopeful results.

Oxidation of L-Ascorbic Acid in the Presence of the Copper-Binding Compound from Methanotrophic Bacteria Methylococcus capsulatus (M).

The oxidation of ascorbic acid by air oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the copper-binding compound (cbc) from bacteria Methylococcus capsulatus (M) was studied. The rate constant of ascorbic acid oxidation by air oxygen in the presence of the copper complex with cbc from M. capsulatus (M) was shown to be 1.5 times higher than that of the noncatalytic reaction. The rate constant of ascorbic acid oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the copper complex with cbc from M. capsulatus (M) decreased by almost one-third compared to the reaction in the absence of the copper complex with cbc. It was assumed that cbc can be involved in a multilevel system of antioxidant protection and can protect a bacterial cell from oxidation stress. Thus, the cbc is mimetic ascorbate oxidase in the oxidation of ascorbic acid by molecular oxygen.

Biomimetic Water Oxidation Catalyzed by a Binuclear Ruthenium (IV) Nitrido-Chloride Complex with Lithium Counter-Cations.

The lithium salt of the binuclear nitrido complex of ruthenium (IV) Li3(Ru2NCl8·2H2O) was synthesized. Using UV spectroscopy and voltammetry, we studied complex behavior in aqueous solutions. It was found that in dilute solutions of this compound, Cl- ions are replaced by H2O molecules, and the intra-sphere redox reaction between Ru (IV) and H2O, as well as the oxidation of water with the formation of oxygen and the acidic dissociation of coordinated water molecules also have been taking place. It was established by IR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometric analysis that not only the binuclear structure of the complex is preserved in acidic solutions, but also its dimerization product into the tetra-ruthenium dinitrido cluster Ru4N2O5+, which is a catalyst for the water oxidation reaction. The activity of the catalyst was TOF = 0.33 s-1, TON = 304.