RESUMO
The orexin receptors OX1 and OX2 play important roles in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, feeding, reward and energy homeostasis. Since these G protein-coupled receptors were deorphanised in 1998, more than 200 patents containing orexin receptor antagonists have been filed and, in 2014, suvorexant (Belsomra®) became the first of these compounds to receive approval from the FDA. Suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) which is available for the treatment of insomnia. This review provides a historical perspective on the discovery and development of DORAs as well as selective OX1 receptor antagonists (1-SORAs) and selective OX2 receptor antagonists (2-SORAs). 2-SORAs are under clinical evaluation for their ability to modulate sleep, and 1-SORAs have shown promise for the treatment of addiction in pre-clinical animal models. Detailed medicinal chemistry case studies are presented and future opportunities for orexin receptor antagonists are considered.
Assuntos
Antagonistas dos Receptores de Orexina/farmacologia , Animais , Humanos , Antagonistas dos Receptores de Orexina/químicaRESUMO
Fragment screening of a thermostabilized mGlu5 receptor using a high-concentration radioligand binding assay enabled the identification of moderate affinity, high ligand efficiency (LE) pyrimidine hit 5. Subsequent optimization using structure-based drug discovery methods led to the selection of 25, HTL14242, as an advanced lead compound for further development. Structures of the stabilized mGlu5 receptor complexed with 25 and another molecule in the series, 14, were determined at resolutions of 2.6 and 3.1 Å, respectively.
Assuntos
Piridinas/síntese química , Piridinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Receptor de Glutamato Metabotrópico 5/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Alostérica , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Cães , Desenho de Fármacos , Descoberta de Drogas , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Ligantes , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The natural product deoxyschizandrin has been shown to have a wide range of biological activities. In recent years the therapeutic potential of this compound against cancers has attracted significant interest. Herein we describe a concise de novo total synthesis of deoxyschizandrin based around a double organocuprate oxidation strategy. In addition, we present the results of biological studies exploring the ability of deoxyschizandrin and synthetic precursors lacking the medium ring biaryl unit to inhibit the proliferation of a human cancer cell line. These studies led to the identification of a structurally novel agent with in vitro anticancer activity.