State of the art of the cow-calf systems in beef and dairy cattle (Bos taurus) operations in EU, USA, and Brazil from 1998 to 2023.

Cow-calf systems represent a significant research area in animal husbandry, with differences depending on the final product (meat or milk). This study aimed to apply text mining and topic analysis on literature describing cow-calf systems in European, American, and Brazilian beef and dairy sectors between 1998 and 2023. Additionally, cow-calf contact (CCC) literature data was manually extracted. Our findings revealed the presence of 11 research areas among literature on cow-calf systems, with different priorities identified in the beef and dairy sectors. Beef industry mainly focused on animal proficiency and nutrition, while dairy on animal welfare and CCC, which showed a growing trend as emerging research topic, mostly in the EU. Current debates around calf welfare and EU's planned animal welfare legislation revision appeared to be driving the increasing interest in this topic. Studies in the beef sector were mainly localized in Brazil, showing that research in different contexts and species is important for CCC implementation. Manual data extraction showed considerable variation in the retained CCC documents regarding sample size, type of contact, methods and CCC duration. Learning about the varied CCC approaches used in beef and dairy farms in different locations, concentrating on their strengths and weaknesses, will help to develop novel solutions to global challenges. Adopting validated and robust indicators would help scientists and policymakers to monitor the system's quality. To improve CCC feasibility, match consumer demands, and move towards One Welfare and One Health, future research should focus on a variety of situations to overcome the current shortcomings.

Evaluation of Ki67, Bax, Bcl-2 and KIT in canine cutaneous mast cell tumours and their relationship with histopathology and prognosis.

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (CCMCTs) are common in dogs and exhibit many unpredictable behaviors. This study aimed to encourage pathology laboratories in developing countries to routinely assess prognosis by applying commonly used histopathological grading systems and immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers. We performed histological grading according to both the Patnaik and Kiupel systems, determined the mitotic count (MC) and carried out IHC for the detection of Ki67, Bax, Bcl-2 and KIT in 54 CCMCT cases. MC was associated with both grading systems in terms of survival following diagnosis and prognostic factors differed among cases categorized by the cut-off value of 5. KIT patterns were associated with grading systems and MC. The cohort with pattern II had a lower survival rate than those with patterns I and III. Ki67 was associated with survival when evaluated over the cut-off value of 0.018. Bax expression was associated with both grading systems. Median survival time was longer in patients with lower Bax expression level. Immunohistochemical detection of KIT, Ki67 and Bax improves histopathology in predicting the prognosis. If IHC is unavailable, reports regarding MC and values from both grading systems are the most effective, convenient and cost-effective way to provide the most reliable prognostic data and guidance for the clinicians.

Population genetic structure of the short-beaked common dolphin from the Black Sea and the Turkish Straits System.

Our study aims to assess the population connectivity, evolutionary history, and conservation status of the short-beaked common dolphin in the Black Sea and Turkish Straits System (TSS). We also include DNA sequences from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea to provide a regional perspective to our localized study. Analysis of 366 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA D-loop fragments from 37 samples collected from short-beaked common dolphins in the Black Sea, TSS, and Aegean Sea revealed 13 haplotypes, eight of which have not been previously reported. While analysis of samples archived on GenBank revealed 89 different haplotypes across the region. The haplotype network contains two main peripheral groups that include individuals from all locations. Haplotypes from the Atlantic Ocean are scattered across the network and no obvious population separation was detected. Some shared haplotypes potentially indicate multi-directional colonization events of the Mediterranean Sea from the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, some less widely distributed haplotypes suggest some level of more recent genetic connectivity through the Strait of Gibraltar and the TSS and point out the importance of these straits in the dispersal of short-beaked common dolphins. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity values were lower in the Black Sea, TSS, and western Mediterranean Sea when compared to the Atlantic Ocean, supporting the expansion of Atlantic populations into the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. Differentiation was observed between the Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea, TSS and the Black Sea based on Фst but not between Mediterranean and the Black Seas. For common dolphins, which have high dispersal potential, the protection of open seas and narrow seaways to enhance connectivity may be crucial.