RESUMO
Novel material thin-film solar cells are promising alternatives to conventional solar cells for future space applications. Previous terrestrial investigations have shown promising stability under simulated space conditions, pioneering the next step to test these solar cells under space conditions. Here, we present the sounding rocket experiment OHSCIS to characterize the electronic behavior of Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells In Space (OHSCIS). The mechanical and electronic design aims at maximizing the rate of data collection and the fail-safety for high scientific output with precise measurements. The maiden flight onboard the MAPHEUS-8 proved the experimental concept to be successful and produced valuable results for the operation and behavior of perovskite and organic solar cells in space.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Hypoglycemia causes recurrent morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study evaluated if exenatide twice daily (BID) was noninferior to premixed insulin aspart 70/30 BID (PIA) for glycemic control and associated with less hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this open-label study, metformin-treated adults with type 2 diabetes were randomized to 26-week treatment with exenatide BID (4 weeks 5 µg, then 10 µg) or PIA. RESULTS: Exenatide BID (n = 181) was noninferior to PIA (n = 173) for A1C control (least squares [LS] mean change -1.0 vs. -1.14%; difference [95% CI] 0.14 [-0.003 to 0.291]) and associated with a lower risk for hypoglycemia (8.0 vs. 20.5%, P < 0.05). LS mean weight decreased by 4.1 kg and increased by 1.0 kg with PIA (P < 0.001). A total of 39.2 vs. 20.8% of patients reached the composite end point of A1C <7.0%, no weight gain, and no hypoglycemia (P < 0.001; post hoc analysis). CONCLUSIONS: In metformin-treated patients, exenatide BID was noninferior to PIA for glycemic control but superior for hypoglycemia and weight control.