A Highly Selective Sensor for Cyanide in Organic Media and on Solid Surfaces.

The application of IR 786 perchlorate (IR-786) as a selective optical sensor for cyanide anion in both organic solution (acetonitrile (MeCN), 100%) and solvent-free solid surfaces was demonstrated. In MeCN, IR-786 was selective to two anions in the following order: CN(-) > OH(-). A significant change in the characteristic dark green color of IR-786 in MeCN to yellow was observed as a result of nucleophilic addition of CN(-) to the fluorophore, i.e., formation of IR 786-(CN), which was also verified by a blue shift in the 775 nm absorbance peak to 430 nm. A distinct green fluorescence emission from the IR-786-(CN) in MeCN was also observed, which demonstrated the selectivity of IR-786 towards CN(-) in MeCN. Fluorescence emission studies of IR-786 showed that the lower detection limit and the sensitivity of IR-786 for CN(-) in MeCN was 0.5 µM and 0.5 to 8 µM, respectively. The potential use of IR-786 as a solvent-free solid state sensor for the selective sensing and monitoring of CN(-) in the environment was also demonstrated. On solvent-free solid state surfaces, the sensitivity of the IR-786 to CN(-) in water samples was in the range of 50-300 µM with minimal interference by OH(-).

Spectroscopic and biological studies of new mononuclear metal complexes of a bidentate NN and NO hydrazone-oxime ligand derived from egonol.

A novel ligand, vicinal dioxime ligand (egonol-hydrazone glyoxime) (LH2) was synthesized and characterized using (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, MS, AAS, infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Mononuclear nickel (II), copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes with a metal:ligand ratio of 1:2 for LH2 were also synthesized. Zn(II) forms complex [Zn(LH)Cl2] with a metal to ligand ratio of 1:1. IR spectrum shows that the ligand act in a bidentate manner and coordinates N4 donor groups of the ligands to Ni(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) ions. The detection of H-bonding (OH⋯O) in the [M(LH)2] metal complexes by IR spectra supported the square-planar MN4 coordination of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes. The antimicrobial activities of compounds LH2 and their Ni(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes were evaluated using the disc diffusion method against 16 bacteria and 5 yeasts. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against all the bacteria and yeasts were also determined. Among the attempted test compounds, it is showed that all the compounds (L, LH2, [Ni(LH)2], [Cu(LH)2], [Co(LH)2(H2O)2], [Zn(LH)Cl2]) were effective against used test microorganisms.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of N (')-[(Z)-(3-Methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene)(phenyl)methyl]benzohydrazide and Its Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) Complexes.

Reaction of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazol-5-one and benzoyl hydrazide in refluxing ethanol gave N (')-[(Z)-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene)(phenyl)methyl]benzohydrazide (HL(1)), which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray structure study. X-ray diffraction analyses of the crystals revealed a nonplanar molecule, existing in the keto-amine form, with intermolecular hydrogen bonding forming a seven-membered ring system. The reaction of HL(1) with Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) halides gave the corresponding complexes, which were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic measurements, and infrared and electronic spectral studies. The compounds were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells and antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and yeasts. Results showed that the compounds are potent against HL-60 cells with the IC50 value ≤5 µM, while some of the compounds were active against few studied Gram-positive bacteria.

Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro anti-neoplastic activity of novel vic-dioximes bearing thiosemicarbazone side groups and their mononuclear complexes.

Two novel vicinal dioxime ligands containing thiosemicarbazone units, (2E)-2-[4-(diethylamino)benzylidene]-N-[(1Z,2E)-N-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyimino)ethanimidoyl]hydrazine carbothioamide (L(1)H2) and (2E)-2-[4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene]-N-[(1Z,2E)-N-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyimino)ethanimidoyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide (L(2)H2), were synthesized. Using the HL-60 human leukemia cell line, the in vitro anti-neoplastic activity of these thiosemicarbazone-oxime derivatives was evaluated. Mononuclear nickel(II), copper(II), and cobalt(II) complexes with a metal:ligand ratio of 1:2 for both the L(1)H2 and L(2)H2 ligands were also synthesized. To characterize these compounds, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectrometry (MS), magnetic susceptibility measurements, (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMQC), and elemental analysis were performed. For L(1)H2, L(2)H2, and each of their derivatives, antiproliferative effects against HL-60 cells were exhibited and the associated IpC50 values ranged from 5µM to 20µM. Furthermore, L(1)H2 and its derivatives inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells more effectively than L(2)H2, and 5µM [Cu(L(1)H)2] exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity.

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro anti-neoplastic activity of gypsogenin derivatives.

Gypsogenin (L(1); 3-hydroxy-23-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid), a natural saponin, was isolated from the boiling water extract of Gypsophila arrostii roots. In addition, the derivatives gypsogenin thiosemicarbazone (L(2); 23-[(aminocarbonothioyl)hydrazono]-3-hydroxolean-12-en-28-oic acid) and gypsogenin thiosemicarbazone glyoxime (L(3)H2; (3ß)-3-hydroxy-23-[({[(1Z,2E)-N-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyimino)ethanimidoyl]amino}carbonothioyl)hydrazono] olean-12-en-28-oic acid) as well as the Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes of L(3)H2 were prepared. The structures were established on NMR analysis ((1)H, (13)C NMR, HMBC, HMQC, and NOESY), FT-IR and completed by analysis of LC/MS. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effects of the Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes of the gypsogenin derivatives were assayed in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL 60) cells. These complexes were found to be potent anticancer agents with concentrations that inhibited 50% of proliferation (IpC50) between 5µM and 40µM. Cell death was distinguished by HO/PI double staining. The Co(II) complex of L(3)H2 has shown approximately %50 apoptotic effect at 10µM concentration. Paclitaxel has been used as positive control.

Spectroscopic and biological approach of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes of 4-methoxy/ethoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone glyoxime.

Two novel vicinal dioxime ligands containing (4-methoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone glyoxime (L(1)H2) or 4-ethoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone glyoxime (L(2)H2)) thiosemicarbazone units were synthesized and characterized using (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, HMQC, MS, infrared and, UV-VIS. spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Mononuclear nickel(II), copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes with a metal:ligand ratio of 1:2 for L(1)H2 and L(2)H2 were also synthesized. The effect of pH and solvent on the absorption spectra of both ligands and complexes was determined. IR spectra show that the ligands act in a bidentate manner and coordinates N4 donor groups of the ligands to Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) ions. The detection of H-bonding (O-H⋯O) in the [M(LH)2] metal complexes by IR spectra supported the square-planar MN4 coordination of mononuclear complexes. The antimicrobial activities of compounds L(1)H2, L(2)H2, and their Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes were evaluated using the disc diffusion method against 12 bacteria and 4 yeasts. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against 7 bacteria and 3 yeasts were also determined. Among the test compounds attempted, L(1)H2, [Ni(L1H)2], [Cu(L1H)2], L2H2, [Ni(L2H)2] and [Cu(L2H)2] showed some activities against certain Gram-positive bacteria and some of the yeasts tested.

(E,E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-imino-1-phenyl-ethyl-idene)semicarbazide monohydrate.

In the title compound, C(9)H(10)N(4)O(2)·H(2)O, the oxime unit has an E configuration, and an intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond results in the formation of a planar five-membered ring, which is oriented with respect to the aromatic ring at a dihedral angle of 74.82 (17)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules and R(2) (2)(8) ring motifs are apparent.