RESUMO
We describe an analysis comparing the pp[over ¯] elastic cross section as measured by the D0 Collaboration at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV to that in pp collisions as measured by the TOTEM Collaboration at 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV using a model-independent approach. The TOTEM cross sections, extrapolated to a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV, are compared with the D0 measurement in the region of the diffractive minimum and the second maximum of the pp cross section. The two data sets disagree at the 3.4σ level and thus provide evidence for the t-channel exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound, also known as the odderon. We combine these results with a TOTEM analysis of the same C-odd exchange based on the total cross section and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward elastic strong interaction scattering amplitude in pp scattering for which the significance is between 3.4σ and 4.6σ. The combined significance is larger than 5σ and is interpreted as the first observation of the exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound.
RESUMO
The TOTEM collaboration has measured the proton-proton total cross section at âs=8 TeV using a luminosity-independent method. In LHC fills with dedicated beam optics, the Roman pots have been inserted very close to the beam allowing the detection of ~90% of the nuclear elastic scattering events. Simultaneously the inelastic scattering rate has been measured by the T1 and T2 telescopes. By applying the optical theorem, the total proton-proton cross section of (101.7±2.9) mb has been determined, well in agreement with the extrapolation from lower energies. This method also allows one to derive the luminosity-independent elastic and inelastic cross sections: σ(el)=(27.1±1.4) mb; σ(inel)=(74.7±1.7) mb.
RESUMO
The first double diffractive cross-section measurement in the very forward region has been carried out by the TOTEM experiment at the LHC with a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=7 TeV. By utilizing the very forward TOTEM tracking detectors T1 and T2, which extend up to |η|=6.5, a clean sample of double diffractive pp events was extracted. From these events, we determined the cross section σDD=(116±25) µb for events where both diffractive systems have 4.7<|η|min<6.5.
RESUMO
A strategic theory of suicide assures that any suicide or attempted suicide is a solution to a problem affronted by a person. The basic question is: "who seeks what solution to what problem by killing oneself or by attempting to do it?" This position allows to distinguish between a dozen different meanings of suicidal conducts. By an escape, somebody tries to get out of an unbearable position; depending on the circumstances, the situation is more or less realistic, so that it becomes feasible to question the state of the mind of the subject. Instead, in an appeal, a subject tries to ring a bell, expressing a need to be helped to live. Other meanings are grief, revenge, blackmail, sacrifice, ordeal... The question "who?" can be answered depending on the meanings and the circumstances. One can show the impact of the status of the mind, of age, gender, status, of a series of indicators pertaining to suicide and attempted suicide. Some statistical observations can be explained in this way. In a third point, it is argued that this theory is able to explain how some factors have a bearing on suicide, be it war, the economic cycle, or some more profound cultural patterns, such as nervous breakdown as an ethnic illness or the modern process of individualization. In a final section, a point is made about the possibility of deducing from the theory some kinds of therapy, one bearing on the connections linking the family, the other building on sessions of "problems solving". On the contrary, one has to keep sceptical about preventing suicides.