The Challenge of Cross-Cultural Care Encounters: Perspective of Imported Nurses in Lhasa, Tibet.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to describe the challenge of cross-cultural care encounters from perspective of imported nurses in Lhasa, Tibet, as well as investigate the relationship of cross-cultural care encounters and its influencing factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was designed among 300 imported nurses and 255 patients selected from four comprehensive hospitals (including two Grade III Class A hospitals and two Grade III Class B hospitals) in Lhasa. The average number, standard deviations, constituent ratios, T-tests, rank-sum tests, one-way ANOVAs, multiple stepwise regression analyses, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze cross-cultural care encounters and its influencing factors. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The cross-cultural care encounter of nurses was 61.73 ± 11.86, mainly relating to age, technical titles, Tibetan language ability, and participation in humanistic training. Age, gender, educational level, technical titles, Tibetan language ability, years working in Tibet, and participation in language and humanities training were the influencing factors (P < 0.05). The average total score of culturally competent care of imported nurses in Lhasa was 218 ± 31.09. Cross-cultural care encounters of nurses were positively correlated with culturally competent care (r = 0.126, P < 0.01) and the needs of patients' cultural care (r = 0.183). CONCLUSION: The scores of culturally competent care and cross-cultural care encounter of imported nurses were at a high level, and their culturally competent care was in the second stage of "conscious and incapable" status. The cross-cultural care encounter of nurses is positively related to culturally competent care and the needs of patients' cultural care. Abilities of language communication, understanding of Tibetan culture, and enhancement of the cultural ability needed optimization.

Identification of a natural human serotype 3 parainfluenza virus.

Parainfluenza virus is an important pathogen threatening the health of animals and human, which brings human many kinds of disease, especially lower respiratory tract infection involving infants and young children. In order to control the virus, it is necessary to fully understand the molecular basis resulting in the genetic diversity of the virus. Homologous recombination is one of mechanisms for the rapid change of genetic diversity. However, as a negative-strand virus, it is unknown whether the recombination can naturally take place in human PIV. In this study, we isolated and identified a mosaic serotype 3 human PIV (HPIV3) from in China, and also provided several putative PIV mosaics from previous reports to reveal that the recombination can naturally occur in the virus. In addition, two swine PIV3 isolates transferred from cattle to pigs were found to have mosaic genomes. These results suggest that homologous recombination can promote the genetic diversity and potentially bring some novel biologic characteristics of HPIV.

Decaaqua-1κO,4κO-bis-(µ-nitrilo-triacetato)-1:2κO:N,O',O'',O''';3:4κN,O,O',O'':O'''-µ-oxido-2:3κO:O-diperoxido-2κO,O';3κO,O'-1,4-dicopper(II)-2,3-dititanium(IV) hepta-hydrate.

The tetra-nuclear title compound, [Cu(2)Ti(2)(C(6)H(6)NO(6))(2)O(O(2))(2)(H(2)O)(10)]·7H(2)O, lies about a twofold rotation axis that passes through the bridging oxide atom. The titanium atom is N,O,O',O''-chelated by the nitrilo-triacetate and O,O'-chelated by the peroidxo group and is coordinated to the bridging O atom in an overall penta-gonal-bipyramidal geometry. The O atom of one of the carboxyl-ate -CO(2) groups binds to the water-coordinated Cu atom, whose coordination polyhedron is an elongated octa-hedron. Adjacent tetra-nuclear mol-ecules are linked through the coordinated and uncoordinated water mol-ecules by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.