Adamantoyl chloride inhibited replication of the largemouth bass virus via enhanced immunity and inhibition of apoptosis.

The largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a commonly encountered pathogen in aquaculture and presents significant challenges to development of the largemouth bass industry due to the lack of effective treatment methods. Here, the inhibitory potential and underlying mechanisms of adamantoyl chloride (AdCl) against LMBV were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that AdCl (IC50 = 72.35 µM) significantly inhibited replication of LMBV in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and cytopathic effect (CPE) assays confirmed that AdCl inhibited replication of LMBV in EPC cells and significantly reduced the CPE effect, respectively. As a potential mechanism, AdCl inhibited apoptosis as determined by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate was decreased by 69 % in the AdCl-treated group as compared to the LMBV-infected group. Additionally, AdCl inhibited viral release. In vivo, the survival rate was 16.2 % higher in the AdCl-treated group as compared to the LMBV-infected group (26.9 % vs. 10.7 %, respectively). Additionally, the results of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that AdCl significantly reduced the viral load of the fish liver, spleen, and kidneys at 3, 6, and 9 days postinfection. In addition, RT-qPCR analysis found that AdCl upregulated expression of immune-related genes to suppress replication of LMBV. Collectively, these results confirmed the anti-LMBV activities of AdCl for use in the aquaculture industry.

Nocardia seriolae mediates liver granulomatous chronic inflammation in Micropterus salmoides through pyroptosis.

Granulomatous diseases caused by Nocardia seriously endanger the health of cultured fish. These bacteria are widely distributed, but prevention and treatment methods are very limited. Chronic granulomatous inflammation is an important pathological feature of Nocardia infection. However, the molecular mechanisms of granuloma formation and chronic inflammation are still unclear. Constructing a granuloma infection model of Nocardia is the key to exploring the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, we established a granuloma model in the liver of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and assessed the infection process of Nocardia seriolae at different concentrations by analysing relevant pathological features. By measuring the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors and a pyroptosis-related protein, we revealed the close relationship between pyroptosis and chronic inflammation of granulomas. We further analysed the immunofluorescence results and the expression of pyroptosis-related protein of macrophage infected by N. seriolae and found that N. seriolae infection induced macrophage pyroptosis in vitro. These results were proved by flow cytometry analysis of infection experiment in vivo. Our results indicated that the pyroptosis effect may be the key to inducing chronic inflammation in the fish liver and further mediating granuloma formation. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying chronic inflammation of granulomas and developed research ideas for understanding the occurrence and development of granulomatous diseases in fish.

[The correlation between obstructive sleep apnea and olfaction function].

Objective:To investigate the olfactory function of patients with obstructive sleep apnea（OSA） without any treatment, and to providereference for clinical olfactory research. Methods:One hundred and thirty-one participants underwent polysomnography（PSG） overnight, and were divided into OSA group （observation group） and non-OSA group （control group） according to the results. The two groups were examined by the Korean version of the olfactory stick test Ⅱ（Korean Bersion） of Sniffin Sticks Test （KVSS Test Ⅱ）. SPSS 26.0 statistical software were used to analyze the data. Results:There was a significant difference in the incidence of olfactory disorders between the observation group and the control group（χ²=12.000, P=0.001）. The rate of olfactory disorders in patients with severe OSA was significantly higher than that in patients with mild OSA（P<0.05）, and the proportion of patients with olfactory disorders increased with the increase of OSA severity（χ²=10.672, P=0.001）. There was no statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group in the severity of olfactory disorders（hyposmia and anosmia）（P=1.000）. KVSS between two groups of Test Ⅱ total score has no statistical difference（t=1.166, P=0.249）, the sense of smell recognition scores also has no statistical difference（t=1.598, P=0.116）, but the olfactory threshold score and olfactory cognition scores were statistically significant（t=5.346, t=6.405, P<0.001）. Conclusion:OSA has a negative effect on the sense of smell, and the severity of OSA is positively correlated with the incidence of olfactory disorder. OSA olfactory disorder is mainly anosmia, and the main manifestation is the decrease of olfactory cognitive scores.

[A study on the quality of life and mental health of sinusitis patients with olfactory disorders].

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of dysosmia in patients with and without nasal polyps, and the impact of dysosmia on the quality of life and mental health in patients with Sinusitis. Method:A total of 105 randomly selected patients with Sinusitis were divided into two groups based on the results of the Sniffin's Sticks olfactory examination: The dysosmia group and the non dysosmia group, the quality of life （Qol） of olfaction quality of life scale and SCL-90 symptom checklist-90（SCL-90） were scored respectively. Result:The incidence of olfactory disorders in chronic sinusitis patients with nasal polyps was significantly higher than those without nasal polyps（χ²=37.133, P<0.001）. The quality of life score of the olfactory disturbance scale the quality of life score of the olfactory disturbance group（26.5±5.9） was significantly higher than that of the non olfactory disturbance group（11.76±3.58）（t=14.30, P<0.0001）. Life quality score（30.2±4.9） of female patients with olfactory dysfunction was significantly higher than that of male patients（22.3±4.0）（P<0.001）, The score of SCL-90 of chronic sinusitis patients with olfactory dysfunction（n=64） is 6.6（6.0-8.0）, while the score of SCL-90 of chronic sinusitis patients without olfactory dysfunction（n=41） is 7.0（6.2-7.6）, and there was no significant difference between the two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion:The risk of dysosmia in patients with Sinusitis polyps was significantly higher than that in patients without nasal polyps, and the quality of life in patients with Sinusitis was significantly lower than that in patients without sinusitis, women also had a greater impact on their quality of life than men, and Sinusitis patients with dysosmia had no significant impact on their mental health.

[One case of neck multiple schwannoma and merge meningioma].

UNLABELLED: Patients with cervical painless mass for 3 months with swallowing not feeling a week for the chief complaint. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: top right sternocleidomastoid before hitting a 7.0 by 3.0 cm size, lower limb reached 2.0 cm x 1.8 cm, the size of the mass on the left side of the supraclavicular reached 3.0 cm x 2.5 cm of the size of the mass, the three homogeneous medium hard, focally border and clear, the activity can be puncture cytological examination in return for: left supraclavicular see more protein and blood samples and a small amount of sample are arranged heap of fiber cells. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): on the right side of the neck, with three at the left supraclavicular neoplasm, between 2.5-5.5 cm in size, high in T2, T1 low mixed signals, lesion boundaries clear.