Deciphering brain-specific transcriptomic expression of Ezr, Rad and Msn genes in the development of Mus musculus.

Ezrin, Radixin and Moesin (ERM) are critical membranous component involved in cross-linking of actin filaments. Moesin (Msn) is recognized as a pivotal protein involved in regulation of cell signalling events associated with the maintenance of epithelial integrity, actin organization and polarity. Radixin (Rad) is known to cell-to-cell adherens junction as a barbed end-capping protein whereas ezrin (Ezr) is recognized at cell adhesion, motility, apoptosis and phagocytosis. The current study for the first time reports the transcriptional and RNA secondary structural variations among brain-specific ERM genes. Firstly, we analyzed brain-specific transcriptomic expression in selected embryonic and postnatal developmental stages (E10.5, E14.5, E18.5, P0.5, P3.5, P5.5, P10.5 and P20.5) of Mus musculus. Among designated developmental stages, Ezr has highest fold difference in early embryonic and postnatal stages (E10.5, P0.5 and P5.5). Rad showed a similar pattern of high expression especially at embryonic stages (E10.5 and E18.5) and postnatal (P0.5 and P5.5), however, Msn exhibited non-significant fold differences in comparison to controls leading to its curial role in development. Furthermore, computational prediction of ERM coding mRNA transcripts, reveals compact and less dynamic Msn secondary structure and pseudoknots configurations, in contrast to Ezr and Rad. Conclusively, transcriptomic levels are greatly associated with compact base pairing organization of its secondary structures. These findings open a new domain to understand the occurrence of ERM-specific cytoskeleton proteins during developmental stages.

Contribution of Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria in Growth Promotion and Zinc Content of Wheat.

Zinc is an imperative micronutrient required for optimum plant growth. Zinc solubilizing bacteria are potential alternatives for zinc supplementation and convert applied inorganic zinc to available forms. This study was conducted to screen zinc solubilizing rhizobacteria isolated from wheat and sugarcane, and to analyze their effect on wheat growth and development. Fourteen exo-polysaccharides producing bacterial isolates of wheat were identified and characterized biochemically as well as on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Along these, 10 identified sugarcane isolates were also screened for zinc solubilizing ability on five different insoluble zinc sources. Out of 24, five strains, i.e., EPS 1 (Pseudomonas fragi), EPS 6 (Pantoea dispersa), EPS 13 (Pantoea agglomerans), PBS 2 (E. cloacae) and LHRW1 (Rhizobium sp.) were selected (based on their zinc solubilizing and PGP activities) for pot scale plant experiments. ZnCO3 was used as zinc source and wheat seedlings were inoculated with these five strains, individually, to assess their effect on plant growth and development. The effect on plants was analyzed based on growth parameters and quantifying zinc content of shoot, root and grains using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Plant experiment was performed in two sets. For first set of plant experiments (harvested after 1 month), maximum shoot and root dry weights and shoot lengths were noted for the plants inoculated with Rhizobium sp. (LHRW1) while E. cloacae (PBS 2) increased both shoot and root lengths. Highest zinc content was found in shoots of E. cloacae (PBS 2) and in roots of P. agglomerans (EPS 13) followed by zinc supplemented control. For second set of plant experiment, when plants were harvested after three months, Pantoea dispersa (EPS 6), P. agglomerans (EPS 13) and E. cloacae (PBS 2) significantly increased shoot dry weights. However, significant increase in root dry weights and maximum zinc content was recorded for Pseudomonas fragi (EPS 1) inoculated plants, isolated from wheat rhizosphere. While maximum zinc content for roots was quantified in the control plants indicating the plant's inability to transport zinc to grains, supporting accelerated bioavailability of zinc to plant grains with zinc solubilizing rhizobacteria.