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The huge diversity of secondary bioactive metabolites, such as antibiotic and anticancer compounds produced by Micromonospora sp., makes it an attractive target for study. Here, we explored the anti-proliferative activities of Micromonospora sp. M2 extract (MBE) in relation to its pro-oxidative activities in A549 and MCF7 cell lines. Anti-proliferative effects were assessed by treating cells with MBE. We found that treatment with MBE decreased cell proliferation and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, and that these observations were facilitated by the suppression of the PI3K-AKT pathway, alterations to the Bcl/Bad ratio, and increased caspase activity. These observations also demonstrated that MBE induced apoptotic cell death in cell lines. In addition, the phosphorylation of P38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were upregulated following MBE treatment in both cell lines. Collectively, these results indicate that MBE acts as an anticancer agent via oxidative stress and JNK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation, enhancing apoptotic cell death in cell lines.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Micromonospora , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Humanos , Células A549 , Células MCF-7 , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exogenously providing engineered Uox with enhanced half-life is one of the important urate-lowering treatments for gout. The potential of PAT101, a recombinant human albumin (rHA)-conjugated variant, was evaluated and compared as a novel gout treatment through various in vivo studies with PAT101 and competing drugs. METHODS: PAT101 was produced by site-specific conjugation of rHA and Aspergillus flavus Uox (AfUox-rHA) through clickable non-natural amino acid (frTet) and Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction. In vivo pharmacokinetics, efficacy tests and in vitro immunogenetic assay were performed after single or multiple doses of PAT101 and its competitors in BALB/c mice, transgenic (TG) mice, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and non-human primate (NHP). RESULTS: The half-life of PAT101 in single-dose treated TG mice was more than doubled compared to pegloticase. In SD rats with 4 weeks of repeated administration of rasburicase, only 24% of Uox activity remained, whereas in PAT101, it was maintained by 86%. In the Uox KO model, the survival rate of PAT101 was comparable to that of pegloticase. In addition, human PBMC-based CD4+/CD8+ T-cell activation analysis demonstrated that PAT101 has a lower immune response compared to the original drug, rasburicase. CONCLUSION: All results suggest that this rHA-conjugated AfUox, PAT101, can be provided as a reliable source of Uox for gout treatment.
Assuntos
Gota , Urato Oxidase , Camundongos , Animais , Ratos , Humanos , Urato Oxidase/uso terapêutico , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Gota/tratamento farmacológico , Supressores da Gota/uso terapêutico , Camundongos Transgênicos , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Albuminas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Breast cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to treat in humans worldwide. There are several alternatives in treating this life-threatening disease; however, chemoresistance is probably the biggest obstacle to the treatment of breast cancer. It may be essential to develop a therapeutic candidate material with less reversible effects and high treatment efficiency to solve this problem. The present study applied an ionizing radiation approach employing nomifensine (NF) to transform its chemical characteristics and investigated its potential to kill human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Irradiated (IR-) NF was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The findings showed that NF inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells and increased the rate of apoptosis. In addition, IR-NF induced the accumulation of cytosolic reactive oxygen species and enhanced mitochondrial aggregation. Additionally, mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38 and c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase) were involved in damage signaling induced by IR-NF and IR-NF suppressed ß-catenin nuclear translocation. It is suggested that irradiation can be an effective method to maximize the efficacy of existing drugs and that IR-NF has the potential to be a drug candidate for treating patients with breast cancer.
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To investigate the CGE on hair growth and to explore the mechanism that is involved in the acceleration of anagen induction, we investigated the effects of CGE studied on cell proliferation and molecular mechanism in human hair dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Additionally, hair growth evaluation was carried out following topical treatment of the dorsal skin of telogen C57BL/6 mice with CGE for 14 days. As result, CGE increased cell viability and ALP activity in hDPCs. Moreover, CGE increased the expression of catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), ALP, sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) genes in hDPCs. CGE increased the expression of proteins such as ALP, ß-catenin, and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (pGSK3ß), and protein kinase B (pAKT) in hDPCs. Furthermore, CGE induced the proliferation of HaCaT cells and up-regulated AKT-ERK-GSKß-ß-catenin signaling in HaCaT cells. Additionally, the anagen induction effects of CGE were confirmed on the telogen-anagen transition mice model. these findings demonstrated that CGE promoted the entering the growth phase of hair follicle via activation of ß-catenin signaling pathways in vivo. Thus, this study suggests that CGE might be a potential therapeutic reagent for hair growth.
Assuntos
Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , beta Catenina , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Cabelo , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , beta Catenina/genética , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMO
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is an important reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme, which catalyzes the removal of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to prevent oxidative damage. The peroxidase activity of APX is regulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as S-nitrosylation, tyrosine nitration, and S-sulfhydration. In addition, it has been recently reported that APX functions as a molecular chaperone, protecting rice against heat stress. In this study, we attempted to identify the various functions of APX in Arabidopsis and the effects of PTMs on these functions. Cytosol type APX1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtAPX1) exists in multimeric forms ranging from dimeric to high-molecular-weight (HMW) complexes. Similar to the rice APX2, AtAPX1 plays a dual role behaving both as a regular peroxidase and a chaperone molecule. The dual activity of AtAPX1 was strongly related to its structural status. The main dimeric form of the AtAPX1 protein showed the highest peroxidase activity, whereas the HMW form exhibited the highest chaperone activity. Moreover, in vivo studies indicated that the structure of AtAPX1 was regulated by heat and salt stresses, with both involved in the association and dissociation of complexes, respectively. Additionally, we investigated the effects of S-nitrosylation, S-sulfhydration, and tyrosine nitration on the protein structure and functions using gel analysis and enzymatic activity assays. S-nitrosylation and S-sulfhydration positively regulated the peroxidase activity, whereas tyrosine nitration had a negative impact. However, no effects were observed on the chaperone function and the oligomeric status of AtAPX1. Our results will facilitate the understanding of the role and regulation of APX under abiotic stress and posttranslational modifications.
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Centipedegrass originates from China and South America, and has been reported to contain several C-glycosyl flavones and phenolic compounds, including maysin and luteolin. The present study aimed to investigate the radioprotective activity of centipedegrass extract (CGE) in radiation exposed-fibroblasts and to assess the affected molecular pathway. The radioprotective effects of CGE were determined in NIH-3T3 cells using Cell Counting Kit-8 and morphological changes were observed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the apoptotic profile of NIH-3T3 cells were also measured. The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins [Bcl-2, Bcl-2 like protein 4 (Bax), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)], AKT and MAPK family proteins (ERK, p38 and JNK) were measured in vitro. The results demonstrated that when 3T3 fibroblasts pretreated with CGE were subjected to H2O2-induced cell damage, their viability was significantly decreased. Additionally, CGE pretreatment decreased ROS levels and the protein expression levels of cleaved PARP upon H2O2 treatment, indicating that CGE induced cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, significant protective effects of CGE against intracellular ROS, induced upon exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), were observed. The protective effects of CGE pretreatment were also determined by morphological observation of NIH-3T3 cells following exposure to IR. CGE pretreatment increased the expression levels of anti-apoptotic signals (Bcl-2, p-BAD) and decreased the levels of pro-apoptotic signals (Bax, Bad), and led to cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 proteins. Additionally, in cells pretreated with CGE, the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK was increased and that of p38 and JNK was decreased compared with in cells subjected only to IR. These results indicated that CGE may act as a radioprotector due to its anti-oxidative activity, restoring cell homeostasis and redox balance in radiation-exposed fibroblast cells. Therefore, it could be suggested that CGE may be an effective candidate in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases and in radioprotection.
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Chemotherapy for cancer treatment has therapeutic limitations, such as drug resistance, excessive toxic effects and undesirable adverse effects. Therefore, efforts to improve the safety and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents are essential. Ionizing radiation can improve physiological and pharmacological properties by transforming structural modifications of the drug. In this study, in order to reduce the adverse effects of rotenone and increase anticancer activity, a new radiolytic rotenone derivative called rotenoisin A was generated through radiolytic transformation. Our findings showed that rotenoisin A inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells and increased the rate of apoptosis, whereas it had no inhibitory effect on primary epidermal keratinocytes compared with rotenone. Moreover, rotenoisin A-induced DNA damage by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. It was also confirmed not only to alter the composition ratio of mitochondrial proteins, but also to result in structural and functional changes. The anticancer effect and molecular signalling mechanisms of rotenoisin A were consistent with those of rotenone, as previously reported. Our study suggests that radiolytic transformation of highly toxic compounds may be an alternative strategy for maintaining anticancer effects and reducing the toxicity of the parent compound.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Rotenona/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA , Feminino , Humanos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Células MCF-7 , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Rotenona/química , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMO
Melanoma is aggressive, highly metastatic, and potentially fatal. In the case of patients with advanced melanoma, it is difficult to expect a good prognosis, since this cancer has low sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The use of natural ingredients may enhance existing therapies. Centipedegrass extract (CGE) which contains phenolic structures and C-glycosyl flavones, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and anti-cancer effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radio sensitizing effects of CGE in combination with ionizing radiation (IR). Two melanoma cell lines were exposed to IR after treatment with CGE at concentrations that were not toxic alone. The effects of CGE + IR on cell survival, cell cycle, and apoptotic cell death were examined using MTT and Muse® Cell Analyzer, and fluorescence microscopy. Molecular signaling mechanisms were explored by western blots. Our findings showed that co-treatment of CGE + IR reduced the survival of melanoma cells more than IR alone. Also, cell cycle arrest in CGE-treated cells was enhanced and these cells became more radiosensitive. CGE + IR increased apoptotic cell death more than IR alone. Western blot results showed that the effect of CGE + IR involved MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK) pathway. Our study suggests that CGE + IR treatment enhanced radio-sensitization and cell death of melanoma cells via cell cycle arrest and the MAPKs pathway.
Assuntos
Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Poaceae/química , Radiossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos da radiação , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos da radiação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos da radiação , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G2 do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G2 do Ciclo Celular/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Melanoma/patologia , Melanoma/radioterapia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Tolerância a Radiação/efeitos dos fármacos , Radiação Ionizante , Radiossensibilizantes/químicaRESUMO
Delphinidin is a major anthocyanidin compound found in various vegetables and fruits. It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and various other biological activities. In this study we demonstrated the anti-cancer activity of delphinidin, which was related to autophagy, in radiation-exposed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Radiosensitising effects were assessed in vitro by treating cells with a subcytotoxic dose of delphinidin (5 µM) before exposure to γ-ionising radiation (IR). We found that treatment with delphinidin or IR induced NSCLC cell death in vitro; however the combination of delphinidin pre-treatment and IR was more effective than either agent alone, yielding a radiation enhancement ratio of 1.54 at the 50% lethal dose. Moreover, combined treatment with delphinidin and IR, enhanced apoptotic cell death, suppressed the mTOR pathway, and activated the JNK/MAPK pathway. Delphinidin inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, and increased the expression of autophagy-induced cell death associated-protein in radiation-exposed NSCLC cells. In addition, JNK phosphorylation was upregulated by delphinidin pre-treatment in radiation-exposed NSCLC cells. Collectively, these results show that delphinidin acts as a radiation-sensitizing agent through autophagy induction and JNK/MAPK pathway activation, thus enhancing apoptotic cell death in NSCLC cells.
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Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (mesna) is a protective agent that is widely used in medicine because of its antioxidant effects. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to increase pigmentation. Thus, ROS scavengers and inhibitors of ROS production may suppress melanogenesis. Forkhead box-O3a (FoxO3a) is an antimelanogenic factor that mediates ROS-induced skin pigmentation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the whitening effect of mesna and the signaling mechanism mediating this effect. Human melanoma (MNT-1) cells were used in this study. mRNA and protein expression were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis to track changes in FoxO3a-related signals induced by mesna. An immunofluorescence assay was performed to determine the nuclear translocation of FoxO3a. When MNT-1 melanoma cells were treated with mesna, melanin production and secretion decreased. These effects were accompanied by increases in FoxO3a activation and nuclear translocation, resulting in downregulation of four master genes of melanogenesis: MITF, TYR, TRP1, and TRP2. We found that mesna, an antioxidant and radical scavenger, suppresses melanin production and may therefore be a useful agent for the clinical treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Alopecia is a common and distressing condition, and developing new therapeutic agents to prevent hair loss is important. Human umbilical cord bloodderived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCBMSCs) have been studied intensively in regenerative medicine. However, the therapeutic potential of these cells against hair loss and hair organ damage remains unclear, and the effects of hUCBMSC transplantation on hair loss require evaluation. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of hUCBMSCs on hair regression in vivo and restoration of anagen conduction on hair growth in vitro. The effects of hUCBMSCs were explored in mouse catagen induction models using a topical treatment of 0.1% dexamethasone to induce hair regression. Dexamethasone was also used to simulate a stress environment in vitro. The results demonstrated that hUCBMSCs significantly prevented hair regression induced by dexamethasone topical stimulation in vivo. Additionally, hUCBMSCs significantly increased the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and HaCaT cells, which are key constituent cells of the hair follicle. Stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and decreased expression of DKK1 by hUCBMSCs were also observed in hDPCs. Restoration of cell viability by hUCBMSCs suggested that these cells exerted a protective effect on glucocorticoid stressassociated hair loss. In addition, antiapoptotic effects and regulation of the autophagic flux recovery were observed in HaCaT cells. The results of the present study indicated that hUCBMSCs may have the capacity to protect hair follicular dermal papilla cells and keratinocytes, thus preventing hair loss. Additionally, the protective effects of hUCBMSCs may be resistant to dysregulation of autophagy under harmful stress.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Folículo Piloso/citologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Cabelo/citologia , Cabelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Cabelo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cabelo/ultraestrutura , Folículo Piloso/efeitos dos fármacos , Folículo Piloso/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Hair growth, a complex process, has long been the subject of intense research. Recent developments in material technology have revealed boehmite as a new therapeutic modality for use in wound healing and scar reduction, indicating its beneficial effects. Nonetheless, the biological bases of the beneficial effects of boehmite remain unknown. We investigated the hair growth properties of boehmite in vitro and in vivo and observed dose-dependent proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro and hair regrowth in a mouse model. To investigate the effects of boehmite on the promotion of cell transition to the anagen phase, we evaluated hDPC viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, protein expression and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in vitro and assessed the anagen-promoting effects of boehmite via gross observation and histological analysis in a mouse model. Boehmite increased hDPC viability, ALP activity, AKT/GSK3ß/ß-catenin pathway activity, anagen-related gene expression and VEGF secretion; moreover, it accelerated hair regrowth in a catagen-anagen transition model via upregulation of ß-catenin signalling and follicular cell proliferation. Collectively, our results indicate that boehmite accelerates hair growth, partly via its effects on critical events in the active phase of the hair follicle cycle, including the promotion of the proliferation of hDPCs and their immediate progeny to the follicle base.
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Hidróxido de Alumínio/farmacologia , Óxido de Alumínio/farmacologia , Folículo Piloso/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/metabolismo , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Derme/citologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Cabelo/fisiologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Transdução de Sinais , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Via de Sinalização Wnt , Cicatrização , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that occurs in the intestinal tract. Phyto-ingredients have been evaluated for their ability to protect against IBD because of their anti-inflammatory activities. In our previous study, we identified a novel derivative of chrysin (HE-chrysin) using irradiation technology, which exhibited stronger anti-cancer activity in human colorectal cancer cells than the original chrysin. Here, to determine whether HE-chrysin is a new therapeutic candidate for IBD, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of HE-chrysin on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and dextran sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. HE-chrysin more effectively inhibited BMDC maturation compared to chrysin, as demonstrated by the decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, surface molecules, antigen-presenting ability, and T cell proliferation/activation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BMDCs. These anti-inflammatory effects of HE-chrysin were regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB. Furthermore, oral administration of HE-chrysin attenuated DSS-induced colitis symptoms and clinical signs in the mouse model. The protective effects of HE-chrysin treatment against colitis were mediated by decreasing Th1- and Th17-type cytokine levels. These results indicate that HE-chrysin is attractive candidate for IBD therapy.
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Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextrana/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The use of finasteride for alleviating hair loss has been investigated, and it has been applied as an oral dose medication. However, due to the inconvenience of daily drug administration over long period of time, novel controllable finasteride delivery has been actively investigated. As a novel method of finasteride delivery, the development of finasterideloaded microspheres for subcutaneous administration is becoming increasingly pharmaceutically important. Therefore, the present study aimed to use finasterideloaded microspheres in a controlled manner in an attempt to overcome the limitations of the oral administration of finasteride and to cause fewer adverse effects. Finasterideloaded microspheres containing poly(lacticcoglycolic acid) and finasteride at a ratio of 4:1 were prepared, and a testosteroneinduced androgenic alopecia mouse model was used. Following observation for 10 weeks, the percentage hair growth was 86.7% (total hair growth 60%, partial hair growth 26.7%) in the orallyapplied finasteridetreated group as a positive control, and 93.3% (total hair growth 60%, partial hair growth 33.3%) in the finasterideloaded microspherestreated group. Serum dihydrotestosterone levels began to decrease at week 6 in the orallyapplied finasteride and finasterideloaded microspheretreated groups. In addition, the finasterideloaded microspherestreated group exhibited similar follicular number, follicular length, anagen/telogen ratio and hair bulb diameter values to those of the orallyapplied finasteridetreated group. Furthermore, the finasterideloaded microspheres increased the activities of phosphoinositide 3kinase/protein kinase B and Wnt/ßcatenin in relation to hair follicle cell growth signaling in mouse skin, and suppressed the apoptosis of hair follicle cells by reducing the expression of transforming growth factorß2 and caspase3, which are indicators of apoptosis. In conclusion, the administration of a single injection of finasterideloaded microspheres was effective in treating testosteroneinduced alopecia. Furthermore, it led to equivalent hair growth effects when compared with orallyapplied finasteride, thus revealing the possibility of effective treatment via different routes of administration.
Assuntos
Inibidores de 5-alfa Redutase/administração & dosagem , Alopecia/tratamento farmacológico , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Finasterida/administração & dosagem , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Inibidores de 5-alfa Redutase/uso terapêutico , Alopecia/patologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Finasterida/uso terapêutico , Folículo Piloso/efeitos dos fármacos , Folículo Piloso/patologia , Injeções , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Boehmite (γ-AlOOH) has a wide range of applications in a variety of industrial and biological fields. However, little is known about its potential roles in skin diseases. The current study investigated its effect on atopic dermatitis (AD). Following characterization, cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory response and oxidative stress associated with boehmite were assessed, using TNF-α-induced keratinocytes and mast cells. In addition, therapeutic effects of boehmite, topically administered to Balb/c mice induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), were evaluated. Expression of cytokines (TLSP, IL-25 and IL-33) and the generation of ROS from keratinocytes induced by TNF-α were significantly inhibited by boehmite without affecting cell viability. MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38) required for cytokine expression were suppressed by boehmite treatment. Up-regulation of cytokines (TSLP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, RANTES) in human mast cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore was also suppressed by boehmite. Boehmite improved the AD severity score, epidermal hyperplasia and transepidermal water loss in DNCB-induced AD-like lesions. Moreover, Th2-mediated cytokine expression, mast cell hyperplasia and destruction of the skin barrier were improved by boehmite treatment. Overall, we demonstrated that boehmite may potentially protect against AD.
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Hidróxido de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Óxido de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Tópica , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular , Dinitroclorobenzeno , Epiderme/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamação , Interleucina-33/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Queratinócitos/citologia , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estresse Oxidativo , Serina Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is used clinically for various muscle disorders and acts by preventing the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synapse space. Here, we compared the efficacy of prabotulinumtoxinA (PRA) and onabotulinumtoxinA (ONA) for the reduction in hypertrophy in myostatin-deficient (Mstn-/- ) mice. Two different BoNT-A products (2.5, 10 and 25 U/kg) were injected to paralyse the hindlimb for 2 months, after which sciatic nerve conduction study, 3D micro-CT, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and dystrophin staining were conducted. Administration of BoNT-A products induced denervation-mediated atrophy and alleviated muscle hypertrophy generated in Mstn-/- mice. The present study revealed that each BoNT-A regulates skeletal muscle size, myofibre number and myofibre diameter in Mstn-/- mice. The potential applicability of BoNT-A for the treatment of rare muscle hypertrophic diseases was demonstrated. Compared with ONA, PRA had a comparable ability to act in the local area.
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Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/farmacologia , Toxinas Botulínicas/farmacologia , Hipertrofia/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Musculares/tratamento farmacológico , Miostatina/genética , Animais , Toxinas Botulínicas/administração & dosagem , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Membro Posterior , Hipertrofia/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Doenças Musculares/fisiopatologia , Fármacos Neuromusculares/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Neuromusculares/farmacologiaRESUMO
Sarcopenia, which refers to the muscle loss that accompanies aging, is a complex neuromuscular disorder with a clinically high prevalence and mortality. Despite many efforts to protect against muscle weakness and muscle atrophy, the incidence of sarcopenia and its related permanent disabilities continue to increase. In this study, we found that treatment with human placental hydrolysate (hPH) significantly increased the viability (approximately 15%) of H2 O2 -stimulated C2C12 cells. Additionally, while H2 O2 -stimulated cells showed irregular morphology, hPH treatment restored their morphology to that of cells cultured under normal conditions. We further showed that hPH treatment effectively inhibited H2 O2 -induced cell death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Mstn expression induced by oxidative stress are closely associated with muscular dysfunction followed by atrophy. Exposure of C2C12 cells to H2 O2 induced abundant production of intracellular ROS, mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as myostatin expression via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling; these effects were attenuated by hPH. Additionally, hPH decreased mitochondria fission-related gene expression (Drp1 and BNIP3) and increased mitochondria biogenesis via the Sirt1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway and autophagy regulation. In vivo studies revealed that hPH-mediated prevention of atrophy was achieved predominantly through regulation of myostatin and PGC-1α expression and autophagy. Taken together, our findings indicate that hPH is potentially protective against muscle atrophy and oxidative cell death.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Atrofia Muscular/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Placenta , Extratos de Tecidos/farmacologia , Animais , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Pelados , Mitocôndrias Musculares/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Musculares/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias Musculares/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Atrofia Muscular/metabolismo , Atrofia Muscular/patologia , Miostatina/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/metabolismo , GravidezRESUMO
Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) are used in tissue repair and regeneration; however, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. We investigated the hair growth-promoting effects of hUCB-MSCs treatment to determine whether hUCB-MSCs enhance the promotion of hair growth. Furthermore, we attempted to identify the factors responsible for hair growth. The effects of hUCB-MSCs on hair growth were investigated in vivo, and hUCB-MSCs advanced anagen onset and hair follicle neogeneration. We found that hUCB-MSCs co-culture increased the viability and up-regulated hair induction-related proteins of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro. A growth factor antibody array revealed that secretory factors from hUCB-MSCs are related to hair growth. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were increased in co-culture medium. Finally, we found that IGFBP-1, through the co-localization of an IGF-1 and IGFBP-1, had positive effects on cell viability; VEGF secretion; expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), CD133, and ß-catenin; and formation of hDPCs 3D spheroids. Taken together, these data suggest that hUCB-MSCs promote hair growth via a paracrine mechanism.
RESUMO
Apoptosis and oxidative stress are essential for the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and fulminant hepatic failure. Human placental hydrolysate (hPH) has been reported to possess antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. In the present study, the protective effects of hPH against Dgalactosamine (DGalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced hepatocyte apoptosis were investigated in vivo. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiapoptotic activities of hPH against DGalNinduced cell death in vitro were examined. Male SpragueDawley rats were injected with DGaIN/LPS with or without the administration of hPH. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after DGaIN/LPS intraperitoneal injection, and the blood and liver samples were collected for future inflammation and hepatotoxicity analyses. Changes in cell viability, apoptosis protein expression, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species generation, and the levels of proteins and mRNA associated with a protective mechanism were determined in HepG2 cells pretreated with hPH for 2 h prior to DGalN exposure. The findings suggested that hPH treatment effectively protected against DGalN/LPSinduced hepatocyte apoptosis by reducing the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin6, and tumor necrosis factorα, and increasing the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. It was also found that hPH inhibited the apoptotic cell death induced by DGalN. hPH activated the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, which were further upregulated by the Kelchlike ECH2associated protein 1p62nuclear factorerythroid 2related factor 2 pathway, a component of oxidative stress defense mechanisms. Furthermore, hPH markedly reduced cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and rescued mitochondrial loss and dysfunction through the reduction of damageregulated autophagy modulator, p53, and C/EBP homologous protein. Collectively, hPH exhibited a protective role in hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and maintaining cell homeostasis. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and minimization of the autophagy progress.
Assuntos
Apoptose/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Placenta/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Apoptose/genética , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Feminino , Galactosamina/metabolismo , Células Hep G2 , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Lipopolissacarídeos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by a complex, heterogeneous pathogenesis including skin barrier dysfunction, immunology, and pruritus. Although epidermal growth factor (EGF) is essential for epithelial homeostasis and wound healing, the effect of EGF on AD remains to be explored. To develop a new therapy for AD, the anti-AD potential of EGF was investigated by inducing AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). EGF was administrated to NC/Nga mice to evaluate its therapeutic effect on DNCB-induced AD. EGF treatment improved dermatitis score, ear thickness, epidermal hyperplasia, serum total immunoglobulin E level, and transepidermal water loss in NC/Nga mice with DNCB-induced AD. In addition, levels of skin barrier-related proteins such as filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were increased by EGF treatment. These beneficial effects of EGF on AD may be mediated by EGF regulation of Th1/Th2-mediated cytokines, mast cell hyperplasia, and protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which are triggers of AD. Taken together, our findings suggest that EGF may potentially protect against AD lesional skin via regulation of skin barrier function and immune response.