STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF LINDANE AND SODIUM BICHROMATE ON THE MYOCARDIUM.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of the research is to study the immunohistochemical markers of the endothelium of blood vessels and myocardial ventricles under chronic exposure to sodium bichromate and lindane, as well as in conjunction with damaging biochemical agents contained in the blood. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The object of the experiment was outbred white mice (males). The study was carried out in 3 groups: 1st group - control, 2nd group - exposure to sodium bichromate 5 mg/kg, 3rd group - exposure to organochlorine pesticide lindane 100 mg/kg. In this experiment authors used the next methods: immunohistochemical method., biochemical research, statistical analysis. RESULTS: Results: The data obtained from an experimental study show that the level of cardiomarkers in blood plasma is characterized by different changes when exposed to these two compounds. Basically, the predominance of the effect of sodium bichromate on the LDH level is noted as compared to the effect of lindane; on the CK-MB level, their effects were the same, i.e., there is an increase in their level in blood plasma. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Thus, long-term exposure to sodium bichromate leads to the activation of angiogenesis, destruction of the integrity of the endothelium, and this, in turn, leads to reparative changes located around in the myocardial cells.

The pesticide Lindane induces dose-dependent damage to granulosa cells in an in vitro culture.

Lindane, which is one of the most persistent organochlorine pesticide contaminating the Aral Sea region, is associated with numerous pathologies of the female reproductive system, including infertility, due to its gap junction blocker activity. By using an in vitro model of reproductive toxicity consisting of mouse parietal granulosa cells (GCs) exposed to increasing concentrations of Lindane ranging from 1 to 100µM (L1; L10; L100), we aimed to ascertain the Lindane toxicity by evaluating the ultrastructure and expression of the cell death protein p53. GCs exposed to L1 showed an early sign of degeneration as chromatin marginalization and initial reduction of cell-to-cell contacts. Such effects increased at L10 with nuclear membrane invagination, cytoplasmic blebbing, reduction of microvilli and intercellular connections. L100 induced evident cellular damages with an extensive presence of vacuoles, cytoplasmic fragments, nuclear membrane vesiculation and abundant cellular debris. A dose-dependent increase of p53 expression was evident in the L1 and L10 groups but not in L100. These data provide evidence for a dose-dependent reproductive toxicity of the gap junction blocker Lindane, as seen in mouse GCs cultured in vitro by ultrastructural damage compatible with apoptosis. Since gap junctions may play a critical role in FSH-stimulated progesterone production, the ultrastructural damage here evidenced could explain the increase in the prevalence of reproductive pathologies and infertility in exposed women. Finally, this study provided a useful and repeatable model of reproductive toxicity in vitro, which is applicable to evaluate the detrimental effects of toxicants or the reversing effect of protective substances.

Ovarian parameters and ovarian blood flow of women living in the area of environmental crisis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Exposure to environmental hazards will destroy a number of ovarian primordial follicles, reduce ovarian reserve and subsequent reproductive ability. This study designed to evaluate ovarian parameters and ovarian blood flow of women living in the area of environmental crisis Shalkar city (Kazakhstan) compared to women living in Aktobe city (Kazakhstan). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 220 women in their reproductive age studied and classified into two groups; study (Shalkar) group and control (Aktobe) group. Blood sample taken from studied women during follicular phase (day 3) for hormonal level evaluation including; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). Studied women evaluated using trans-vaginal ultrasound (TVS) to detect antral follicle count (AFC) during follicular scan and ovarian volume (OV), ovarian blood flow (OBF) using pulsatility index (PI) during follicular scan and luteal scan. RESULTS: Both ovaries AFC was significantly less in study (Shalkar) group compared to and control (Aktobe) group (p=0.0001). Mean ovarian volume was significantly less in Shalkar group in both follicular phase and luteal phase (5.86±0.23 and 6.19±0.22Cm(3); respectively) compared to Aktobe group (6.85±0.19 and 6.92±0.18Cm(3); respectively). In addition, mean ovarian pulsatility index was significantly high with subsequent decrease in ovarian blood flow in Shalkar group in both follicular phase and luteal phase (3.36±0.20 and 3.45±0.19Cm/s; respectively) compared to Aktobe group (2.96±0.16 and 2.92±0.15Cm/s; respectively). CONCLUSION: This study suggests definite environmental effect on ovarian parameters as indicated by decreased AFC, decreased both follicular and luteal OV and OBF in women living in environmental crisis Shalkar group compared to Aktobe group.