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Introduction: To analyze effects of dynamic corneal response parameters (DCRs) on visual field (VF) progression in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and hypertension glaucoma (HTG). Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. This study included 57 subjects with NTG and 54 with HTG, followed up for 4 years. The subjects were divided into progressive and nonprogressive groups according to VF progression. DCRs were evaluated by corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology. General linear models (GLMs) were used to compare DCRs between two groups, adjusting for age, axial length (AL), mean deviation (MD), etc. VF progression risk factors were evaluated by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: For NTG, first applanation deflection area (A1Area) was increased in progressive group and constituted an independent risk factor for VF progression. ROC curve of A1Area combined with other relevant factors (age, AL, MD, etc.) for NTG progression had an area under curve (AUC) of 0.813, similar to the ROC curve with A1area alone (AUC = 0.751, p = 0.232). ROC curve with MD had an AUC of 0.638, lower than A1Area-combined ROC curve (p = 0.036). There was no significant difference in DCRs between the two groups in HTG. Conclusion: Corneas in progressive NTG group were more deformable than nonprogressive group. A1Area may be an independent risk factor for NTG progression. It suggested that the eyes with more deformable corneas may also be less tolerant to pressure and accelerate VF progression. VF progression in HTG group was not related to DCRs. Its specific mechanism needs further studies.
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The fast estimation of blue-green laser transmission characteristics through the fluctuating sea surface, such as refraction angles and transmittance, is very important to correct operating parameters, detection depth and anti-detection warning in airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) applications. However, the geometry of the sea surface is changed by complex environment factors, such as wind and wave, which significantly affect the rapid acquisition of the blue-green laser transmission characteristics. To address this problem, a fast analysis method is provided to rapidly compute the blue-green laser transmittance and refraction angles through the fluctuating sea surface driven by different wind directions and speeds. In the method, a three-dimensional wave model driven by the wind was built to describe the wave spatial distribution varying with time. Using the wave model, the propagation path of the scanning laser footprint was analyzed using the proposed meshing method, thus the transmittance and refraction angles of the optical path can be fast obtained by using parallel computing. The simulation results imply that the proposed method can reduce the time consumption by 70% compared with the traditional analytical method with sequential computing. This paper provides some statistical laws of refraction angles and transmittance through the fluctuating sea surface under different wind conditions, which may serve as a basic for fast computation of airborne LiDAR transmission characteristics in complex environments.
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OBJECTIVE: Oxycodone or dexmedetomidine (DEX) alone are widely used in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of 2 oxycodone and DEX combinations on postoperative sleep quality. METHODS: This was a prospective and randomized clinical study. A total of 99 patients underwent laparoscopic-assisted operations on stomach and intestines with general anesthesia were enrolled and randomly divided into 3 groups according to postoperative analgesic protocol (n=33 each). The analgesic protocols were as follows after the surgery. In group C, 0.6 mg/kg oxycodone alone was diluted to 100 mL in 0.9% saline. In group D1 or D2, 0.6 mg/kg oxycodone combined with 2.4 µg/kg or 4.8 µg/kg DEX was diluted to 100 mL in 0.9% saline, respectively. The intravenous patient-controlled analgesia device was set up to deliver a continuous infusion of 3 mL/h and a bolus of 1 mL, with a 12-minute lockout interval. The primary outcome was the percentage of stage 2 nonrapid eye movement (stage N2) sleep. Polysomnography was performed the night before operation (PSG-night0), the first (PSG-night1) and second (PSG-night2) nights after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with group C, N2 sleep were higher in groups D1 and D2 on PSG-night1 (54±9% and 53±10%, respectively) and PSG-night2 (55±7% and 56±8%, respectively) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). No differences were observed regarding N1 and N2 sleep between groups D1 and D2 on PSG-night1 and PSG-night2 (P>0.05). Group C had higher percentage of N1 sleep on PSG-night1 (37±5%) and PSG-night2 (33±3%) when compared with groups D1 and D2 (P<0.001 for the comparisons). Groups D1 and D2 required lower rates of rescue analgesia (5% and 4.7%, respectively; P=0.012) and effective pressing times (10.7±4.8 times and 9.9±2.6 times, respectively; P<0.05) when compared with group C, whereas no statistical significance was found between groups D1 and D2. Furthermore, there were no significant difference about resting visual analogue scales at 4, 6, and 12 hours postoperatively between groups D1 and D2. In comparison with the other 2 groups, group D2 had a higher occurrence of postoperative hypotension (24.2%) (P<0.05), though without significant sinus bradycardia. DISCUSSION: DEX combined with oxycodone can improve sleep quality and provide good visceral analgesia. However, larger doses of DEX does not further improve sleep but increases the risk of hypotension.