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BACKGROUND: Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is an efficient method that can reduce lung cancer mortality in high-risk individuals. However, few studies have attempted to measure the preferences for LDCT LCS service delivery. This study aimed to generate quantitative information on the Chinese population's preferences for LDCT LCS service delivery. METHODS: The general population aged 40 to 74 in the Sichuan province of China was invited to complete an online discrete choice experiment (DCE). The DCE required participants to answer 14 discrete choice questions comprising five attributes: facility levels, facility ownership, travel mode, travel time, and out-of-pocket cost. Choice data were analyzed using mixed logit and latent class logit (LCL) models. RESULTS: The study included 2529 respondents, with 746 (29.5%) identified as being at risk for lung cancer. Mixed logit model (MLM) analysis revealed that all five attributes significantly influenced respondents' choices. Facility levels had the highest relative importance (44.4%), followed by facility ownership (28.1%), while out-of-pocket cost had the lowest importance (6.4%). The at-risk group placed relatively more importance on price and facility ownership compared to the non-risk group. LCL model identified five distinct classes with varying preferences. CONCLUSION: This study revealed significant heterogeneity in preferences for LCS service attributes among the Chinese population, with facility level and facility ownership being the most important factors. The findings underscore the need for tailored strategies targeting different subgroup preferences to increase screening participation rates and improve early detection outcomes.
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Comportamento de Escolha , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Preferência do Paciente , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , China , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/estatística & dados numéricos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Yoga interventions need fidelity monitoring to standardize the trial process and ensure adherence. We examined fidelity measures of current yoga trials and developed a fidelity assurance process in a phase III randomized clinical trial addressing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy among cancer survivors. METHODS: We qualitatively analyzed the fidelity monitoring components in published clinical trials on yoga therapy for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy through a literature search in PubMed from inception to February 2023. Leveraging fidelity measures for community-based, complex interventions and yoga therapy reporting guidelines, we developed an instructor/participant-oriented fidelity checking approach in an ongoing phase III trial evaluating yoga for improving chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in cancer survivors. Two researchers independently assessed 4 of 8 video recordings of yoga instructor-led training sessions (50%) and participant-kept home practice logs using a developed fidelity checklist. RESULTS: None of the 4 eligible yoga trials specifically have intervention fidelity measures. We prospectively incorporated yoga instructor training, virtual delivery, and participant engagement strategies in the phase III trial protocol following guidelines. All trial yoga instructors were trained under study protocol to ensure compliance and participant engagement. There was high intervention fidelity in all instructor-led virtual sessions: an average of 100% adherence to class structure and three-thirds on specific skills. Assessment of participant adherence to the established home yoga protocol was 63%. CONCLUSION: Yoga trials for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy need adequate fidelity measures. Our study provides a feasible fidelity-monitoring approach to ensure trial intervention delivery and protocol adherence by instructors and participants in oncological settings.
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Antineoplásicos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico , Yoga , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/terapia , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Sobreviventes de Câncer , Tomada de Decisões , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent regulated cell death which is different from apoptosis. Chemically-induced ferroptosis is characterized by an accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells. A number of earlier studies have suggested the involvement of mitochondrial ROS in ferroptosis, and the present study seeks to further investigate the role of mitochondrial ROS in the induction of chemically-induced ferroptotic cell death. We find that during erastin-induced, glutathione depletion-associated ferroptosis, mitochondrial ROS accumulation is an important late event, which likely is involved in the final execution of ferroptotic cell death. The mitochondrion-originated ROS is found to accumulate in large quantities inside the nuclei during the late phases of erastin-induced ferroptosis. Completion of the late-phase accumulation of mitochondrion-produced ROS inside the nucleus of a cell likely marks an irreversible point in the cell death process. Similarly, accumulation of large amounts of mitochondrion-produced ROS inside the nucleus is also observed in the late phases of RSL3-induced ferroptosis. The results of this study indicate that the mitochondrial ROS play an important role in the final steps of both erastin- and RSL3-induced ferroptotic cell death.
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BACKGROUND: Hot flashes are a common side effect of endocrine therapy (ET) that contribute to poor quality of life and decreased treatment adherence. METHODS: Patients with breast cancer wo were receiving ET and experiencing hot flashes were enrolled through three parallel, randomized trials conducted in the United States, China, and South Korea. Participants were randomized to either immediate acupuncture (IA) or delayed acupuncture control (DAC). IA participants received 20 acupuncture sessions over 10 weeks, whereas DAC participants received usual care, then crossed over to acupuncture with a reduced intensity. The primary end point was a change in score on the endocrine symptom subscale of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)-Endocrine Symptoms between baseline and week 10. Secondary end points included the hot flash score and the FACT-Breast score. A planned pooled analysis of individual patient data was performed using longitudinal mixed models. RESULTS: In total, 158 women with stage 0-III breast cancer were randomized (United States, n = 78; China, n = 40; South Korea, n = 40). At week 10, IA participants reported statistically significant improvements in the endocrine symptom subscale score (mean change ± standard error: 5.1 ± 0.9 vs. 0.2 ± 1.0; p = .0003), the hot flash score (-5.3 ± 0.9 vs. -1.4 ± 0.9; p < .003), and the FACT-Breast total score (8.0 ± 1.6 vs. -0.01 ± 1.6; p = .0005) compared with DAC participants. The effect of the acupuncture intervention differed by site (p = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture led to statistically and clinically meaningful improvements in hot flashes, endocrine symptoms, and breast cancer-specific quality of life in women undergoing ET for breast cancer in the United States, China, and South Korea.
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Realizing large materials models has emerged as a critical endeavor for materials research in the new era of artificial intelligence, but how to achieve this fantastic and challenging objective remains elusive. Here, we propose a feasible pathway to address this paramount pursuit by developing universal materials models of deep-learning density functional theory Hamiltonian (DeepH), enabling computational modeling of the complicated structure-property relationship of materials in general. By constructing a large materials database and substantially improving the DeepH method, we obtain a universal materials model of DeepH capable of handling diverse elemental compositions and material structures, achieving remarkable accuracy in predicting material properties. We further showcase a promising application of fine-tuning universal materials models for enhancing specific materials models. This work not only demonstrates the concept of DeepH's universal materials model but also lays the groundwork for developing large materials models, opening up significant opportunities for advancing artificial intelligence-driven materials discovery.
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Molecular detection of nucleic acid plays an important role in early diagnosis and therapy of disease. Herein, a novel and enhanced electrochemical biosensor was exploited based on target-activated CRISPR/Cas12a system coupling with nanoparticle-labeled covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as signal reporters. Hollow spherical COFs (HCOFs) not only served as the nanocarriers of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-DNA conjugates for enhanced signal output but also acted as three-dimensional tracks of CRISPR/Cas12a system to improve the cleavage accessibility and efficiency. The presence of target DNA triggered the trans-cleavage activity of the CRISPR/Cas12a system, which rapidly cleaved the AgNPs-DNA conjugates on HCOFs, resulting in a remarkable decrease of the electrochemical signal. As a proof of concept, the fabricated biosensing platform realized highly sensitive and selective detection of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) DNA ranging from 100 fM to 1 nM with the detection limit of 57.2 fM. Furthermore, the proposed strategy provided a versatile and high-performance biosensor for the detection of different targets by simple modification of the crRNA protospacer, holding promising applications in disease diagnosis.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , DNA Viral , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Papillomavirus Humano 16 , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Prata , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Humanos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Prata/química , Estruturas Metalorgânicas/química , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Papillomavirus Humano 16/isolamento & purificação , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/genética , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: MicroRNA (miRNA) emerges as important cancer biomarker, accurate detection of miRNA plays an essential role in clinical sample analysis and disease diagnosis. However, it remains challenging to realize highly sensitive detection of low-abundance miRNA. Traditional detection methods including northern blot and real-time PCR have realized quantitative miRNA detection. However, these detection methods are involved in sophisticated operation and expensive instruments. Therefore, the development of novel sensing platform with high sensitivity and specificity for miRNA detection is urgently demanded for disease diagnosis. RESULTS: In this work, a novel electrochemical biosensor was constructed for miRNA detection based on target-driven cascade amplified assembly of electroactive covalent organic frameworks (COFs) on tetrahedral DNA nanostructure with multiplex recognition domains (m-TDN). COFs were employed as nanocarriers of electroactive prussian blue (PB) molecules by the "freeze-drying-reduction" method without the use of DNA as gatekeeper, which was simple, mild and efficient. The target-triggered catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and glutathione reduction could convert low-abundance miRNA into a large amount of Mn2+. Without the addition of exogenous Mn2+, the dynamically-generated Mn2+-powered DNAzyme cleavage process induced abundant PB-COFs probe assembled on the four recognition domains of m-TDN, resulting in significantly signal output. Using miRNA-182-5p as the model target, the proposed electrochemical biosensor achieved ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-182-5p in the range of 10 fM-100 nM with a detection limit of 2.5 fM. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY: Taking advantages of PB-COFs probe as the enhanced signal labels, the integration of CHA, Mn2+-powered DNAzyme and m-TDN amplification strategy significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of the biosensor. The designed sensing platform was capable of miRNA detection in complex samples, which provided a new idea for biomarker detection, holding promising potential in clinical diagnosis and disease screening.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , DNA Catalítico , DNA , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Estruturas Metalorgânicas , MicroRNAs , Nanoestruturas , MicroRNAs/análise , Estruturas Metalorgânicas/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Nanoestruturas/química , DNA/química , Humanos , DNA Catalítico/química , DNA Catalítico/metabolismo , Limite de Detecção , Ferrocianetos/químicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating side effect of neurotoxic chemotherapy. Exercise activates neuromuscular function and may improve CIPN. We examined the association between exercise and CIPN symptoms in breast cancer survivors. METHODS: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, we included patients completing a survey assessing exercise exposure and neuropathy symptoms in a tertiary cancer center survivorship clinic. We evaluated exercise duration and intensity using a standardized questionnaire quantified in metabolic equivalent tasks (MET-h/wk). We defined exercisers as patients meeting the National Physical Activity Guidelines' criteria. We used multivariable logistic regressions to examine the relationship between exercise and CIPN and if this differed as a function of chemotherapy regimen adjusting for age, gender, and race. RESULTS: We identified 5444 breast cancer survivors post-chemotherapy (median age 62 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 55, 71); median 4.7 years post-chemotherapy (IQR: 3.3, 7.6)) from 2017 to 2022. CIPN overall prevalence was 34% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33%, 36%), 33% for non-taxane, and 37% for taxane-based chemotherapy. CIPN prevalence was 28% (95% CI: 26%, 30%) among exercisers and 38% (95% CI: 37%, 40%) among non-exercisers (difference 11%; 95% CI: 8%, 13%; p < 0.001). Compared to patients with low (<6 MET-h/wk) levels of exercise (42%), 11% fewer patients with moderate (6-20.24 MET-h/wk) to high (>20.25 MET-h/wk) levels of exercise reported CIPN. Exercise was associated with reduced prevalence of all CIPN symptoms regardless of chemotherapy type. CONCLUSION: CIPN may persist several years following chemotherapy among patients with breast cancer but is significantly reduced by exercise in a dose-dependent manner.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Sobreviventes de Câncer , Exercício Físico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico , Humanos , Feminino , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobreviventes de Câncer/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Prevalência , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Cancer survivors including Asian American breast cancer survivors have reported their high needs for help during their survivorship process. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the necessity of technology-based programs to address their needs for help without face-to-face interactions has been highlighted. The purpose of this randomized intervention study was to determine the efficacy of a technology-based program in reducing various types of needs for help among this specific population. This was a randomized clinical trial with repeated measures. A total of 199 participants were included in the data analysis. The recruitment settings included both online and offline communities/groups for Asian Americans. The needs for help were assessed using the Support Care Needs Survey-34 Short Form (SCNS) subscales measuring psychological, information, physical, support, and communication needs. Data analysis was conducted through an intent-to-treat approach. In the mixed effect models, psychological needs, information needs, physical needs, and communication needs decreased over time (P < .001). However, there were no significant group * time effects. Social support significantly mediated the effects of a technology-based intervention on psychological, information, and support needs at the pre-test and the post-1 month. This study supported significant decreases in the needs for help of Asian American breast cancer survivors by a technology-based intervention. Further studies are needed with other racial/ethnic groups of cancer survivors to confirm the efficacy of a technology-based intervention in reducing cancer survivors' needs for help during their survivorship process.
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Asiático , Neoplasias da Mama , COVID-19 , Sobreviventes de Câncer , Apoio Social , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/etnologia , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Sobreviventes de Câncer/psicologia , Asiático/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Avaliação das Necessidades , Adulto , SARS-CoV-2 , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Idoso , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Ferroptosis is a recently identified form of regulated cell death, characterized by excessive iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Recent studies have demonstrated that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an important mediator of chemically induced ferroptosis and also a new target for protection against ferroptosis-associated cell death. In the present study, we identified that 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OH-E1), a metabolic derivative of endogenous estrogen, is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of PDI, and can strongly protect against chemically induced ferroptotic cell death in the estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Pull-down and CETSA assays demonstrated that 4-OH-E1 can directly bind to PDI both in vitro and in intact cells. Computational modeling analysis revealed that 4-OH-E1 forms two hydrogen bonds with PDI His256, which is essential for its binding interaction and thus inhibition of PDI's catalytic activity. Additionally, PDI knockdown attenuates the protective effect of 4-OH-E1 as well as cystamine (a known PDI inhibitor) against chemically induced ferroptosis in human breast cancer cells. Importantly, inhibition of PDI by 4-OH-E1 and cystamine or PDI knockdown by siRNAs each markedly reduces iNOS activity and NO accumulation, which has recently been demonstrated to play an important role in erastin-induced ferroptosis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that 4-OH-E1 is a novel inhibitor of PDI and can strongly inhibit ferroptosis in human breast cancer cells in an estrogen receptor-independent manner. The mechanistic understanding gained from the present study may also aid in understanding the estrogen receptor-independent cytoprotective actions of endogenous estrogen metabolites in many noncancer cell types.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Hidroxiestronas , Piperazinas , Isomerases de Dissulfetos de Proteínas , Humanos , Feminino , Isomerases de Dissulfetos de Proteínas/química , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Cistamina , Morte Celular , Estrogênios , Receptores de EstrogênioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) represents a significant global health concern, being the leading cause of mortality from a single infectious agent worldwide. The investigation of TB incidence and epidemiological trends is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of control strategies and identifying ongoing challenges. OBJECTIVES: This study presents the trend in TB incidence across 204 countries and regions over a 30-year period. METHODS: The study utilises data sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The age cohort model and gender subgroup analysis were employed to estimate the net drift (overall annual percentage change), local drift (age annual percentage change), longitudinal age curve (expected age ratio), and cycle and cohort effect (relative risk of cycle and birth cohort) of TB incidence from 1990 to 2019. This approach facilitates the examination and differentiation of age, period, and cohort effects in TB incidence trends, potentially identifying disparities in TB prevention across different countries. RESULTS: Over the past three decades, a general downward trend in TB incidence has been observed in most countries. However, in 15 of the 204 countries, the overall incidence rate is still on the rise (net drift ≥0.0 %) or stagnant decline (≥-0.5 %). From 1990 to 2019, the net drift of tuberculosis mortality ranged from -2.2 % [95 % confidence interval (CI): -2.33, -2.05] in high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries to -1.7 % [95 % CI: -1.81, -1.62] in low SDI countries. In some below-average SDI countries,men in the birth cohort are at a disadvantage and at risk of deterioration, necessitating comprehensive TB prevention and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: While the global incidence of TB has declined, adverse period and cohort effects have been identified in numerous countries, raising questions about the adequacy of TB healthcare provision across all age groups. Furthermore, this study reveals gender disparities in TB incidence.
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Carga Global da Doença , Tuberculose , Masculino , Humanos , Incidência , Saúde Global , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
To compare the LDCT screening results between eligible and ineligible screening candidates in preventive health check-ups population. Using a real-world LDCT screening results among people who took yearly health check-up in health management center of West China Hospital between 2006 and 2017. Objects were classified according to the China National Lung Cancer Screening Guideline with Low-dose Computed Tomography (2018 version) eligibility criteria. Descriptive analysis were performed between eligible and ineligible screening candidates. The proportion of ineligible screening candidates was 64.13% (10,259), and among them there were 4005 (39.04%) subjects with positive screenings, 80 cases had a surgical lung biopsy. Pathology results from lung biopsy revealed 154 cancers (true-positive) and 26 benign results (false-positive), the surgical false-positive biopsy rate was 4.17%, and ineligible group (7.69%) was higher than eligible group (2.47%), P < 0.05. Further, in ineligible screening candidates, the proportion of current smokers was higher among males compared to females (53.85% vs. 4.88%, P < 0.05). Of the 69 lung cancer patients detected in ineligible screening candidates, lung adenocarcinoma accounts for a high proportion of lung cancers both in male (75.00%) and female (85.00%). The proportion of ineligible screening candidates and the surgical false-positive biopsy rate in ineligible candidates were both high in health check-ups population.
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Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown that sarcopenia was associated with depression among older adults. However, most of these investigations used a cross-sectional design, limiting the ability to establish a causal relation, the present study examined whether sarcopenia was associated with incident depressive symptoms. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study with participants from the Western China Health and Aging Trends (WCHAT) study. Participants could complete anthropometric measurements and questionnaires were included. The exposure was sarcopenia, defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019, the outcome was depressive symptoms, evaluated by GDS-15. We excluded depression and depressive symptoms at baseline and calculated the risk of incident depressive symptoms during the follow-up year. RESULTS: A total of 2612 participants (mean age of 62.14 ± 8.08 years) were included, of which 493 with sarcopenia. 78 (15.82%) participants with sarcopenia had onset depressive symptoms within the next year. After multivariable adjustment, sarcopenia increased the risk of depressive symptoms (RR = 1.651, 95%CI = 1.087-2.507, P = 0.0187) in overall participants. Such relationship still exists in gender and sarcopenia severity subgroups. Low muscle mass increased the risk of depressive symptoms (RR = 1.600, 95%CI = 1.150-2.228, P = 0.0053), but low muscle strength had no effect (RR = 1.250, 95%CI = 0.946-1.653, P = 0.117). CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms, Precautions to early detect and targeted intervene for sarcopenia should continue to be employed in adult with sarcopenia to achieve early prevention for depression and reduce the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes.
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Sarcopenia , Humanos , Idoso , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Sarcopenia/complicações , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Força da MãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Triglyceride glucose (TyG) represents a consistent surrogate biomarker and index of insulin resistance (IR), IR has also been linked to skeletal muscle mass loss (SMM-L). Here, we evaluated the association between SMM-L and the TyG index (TyGi). DESIGN: An analytical cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: 36 275 participants who underwent health checks between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2020. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: A bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess the body composition, SMM-L was defined as low ASMI (total limb lean mass/height2) and TyGi was calculated as ln(triglycerides (mg/dL)×fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2). RESULTS: A total of 36 275 subjects were included in the study, of which 58.46% were male, with a mean age of 43.74±12.33 years. The prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was 17.7% and the mean TyGi was 8.56±0.64. TyGi was found to be significantly correlated with low SMM in all subjects (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.75 to 2.00, p<0.001), with higher correlations seen in younger subjects (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.77 to 2.20, p<0.001), and remaining significant in middle age (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.77 to 2.14, p<0.001), old age (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.16, p<0.001), men (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.46 to 1.76, p<0.001) and women (OR 2.59, 95% CI 2.39 to 2.87, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrated a significant independent interaction between TyGi and low SMM in all subjects regardless of sex and age subgroups in the general population.
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Composição Corporal , Resistência à Insulina , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Extremidades , Glucose , Músculo EsqueléticoRESUMO
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is inextricably linked to various diseases, including liver cancer. Thus, detecting the content of AFP in biology has great significance in diagnosis, treatment, and intervention. Motivated by the urgent need for affordable and convenient electronic sensors in the analysis and detection of aqueous biological samples, we combined the solution-gated graphene transistor (SGGT) with the catalytic reaction of enzyme nanoprobes (HRP-AuNPs-Ab2) to accurately sense AFP. The SGGT immunosensor demonstrated high specificity and stability, excellent selectivity, and excessive linearity over a range of 4 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL, with the lower detection limit down to 1.03 ng/mL. Finally, clinical samples were successfully detected by the SGGT immunosensor, and the results were consistent with chemiluminescence methods that are popular in hospitals for detecting AFP. Notably, the SGGT immunosensor is also recyclable, so it has excellent potential for use in high-throughput detection.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Grafite , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Humanos , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análise , Ouro , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Imunoensaio/métodos , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Nanodrug delivery systems have demonstrated a great potential for tumor therapy with the development of nanotechnology. Nonetheless, traditional drug delivery systems are faced with issues such as complex synthetic procedures, low reproducibility, nonspecific distribution, impenetrability of biological barrier, systemic toxicity, etc. In recent years, phage-based nanoplatforms have attracted increasing attention in tumor treatment for their regular structure, fantastic carrying property, high transduction efficiency and biosafety. Notably, therapeutic or targeting peptides can be expressed on the surface of the phages through phage display technology, enabling the phage vectors to possess multifunctions. As a result, the drug delivery efficiency on tumor will be vastly improved, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy while reducing the side effects on normal tissues. Moreover, phages can overcome the hindrance of biofilm barrier to elicit antitumor effects, which exhibit great advantages compared with traditional synthetic drug delivery systems. Herein, this review not only summarizes the structure and biology of the phages, but also presents their potential as prominent nanoplatforms against tumor in different pathways to inspire the development of effective nanomedicine.
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Bacteriófagos , Neoplasias , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeos/químicaRESUMO
Prior studies have yielded mixed findings concerning the association between apolipoprotein E(APOE)-ε4 and serum lipids in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy individuals. Some studies suggested a relationship between APOEε4 and serum lipids in patients with AD and healthy individuals, whereas others proposed that the APOEε4 allele affects lipids only in patients with AD. Our study aimed to investigate whether APOE alleles have a distinct impact on lipids in AD. We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed and Embase databases for all related studies that investigate APOE and serum lipids of AD from the inception to 30 May 2022. Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were found in APOEε4 allele carriers compared with non-carriers. No significant differences were found for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels in APOEε4 allele carriers compared to non-carriers. Notably, elevated TC and LDL levels showed considerable heterogeneity between patients with AD and healthy controls. A network meta-analysis did not find a distinct effect of carrying one or two APOEε4 alleles on lipid profiles. Higher TC and LDL levels were found in APOEε4 allele carriers compared with non-carriers, and the difference was more significant in patients with AD than in healthy controls.
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A culturally tailored virtual program could meet the survivorship needs of Asian American women breast cancer survivors (AABC). This study aims to determine the efficacy of a culturally tailored virtual information and coaching/support program (TICAA) in improving AABC's survivorship experience. A randomized clinical trial (NCT02803593) was conducted from January 2017 to June 2020 among 199 AABC. The intervention group utilized TICAA and the American Cancer Society [ACS] website while the control group used only ACS website for 12 weeks. The outcomes were measured using the SCNS-34SF (needs; primary), the MSAS-SF (symptoms; secondary), and the FACT-B (quality of life; secondary). The data were analyzed using an intent-to-treat approach. The intervention group showed significant reductions in their needs from the baseline (T0) to post 4 weeks (T1) and to post 12 weeks (T2). Although the changes were not statistically significant, the intervention group had decreased symptoms from T0 to T2 while the control group had an increase in their symptoms. The intervention group had a significant increase in their quality of life from T0 to T2. A culturally tailored virtual program could therefore improve quality of life in AABC patients. Trial Registration: To Enhance Breast Cancer Survivorship of Asian Americans (TICAA), NCT02803593, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02803593?titles=TICAA&draw=2&rank=1.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Sobreviventes de Câncer , Qualidade de Vida , Feminino , Humanos , Asiático , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Neoplasias da Mama/etnologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Sobreviventes , Telemedicina , Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente Competente , Tutoria , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Background: Limited information is available for patients with breast cancer (BC) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially among underrepresented racial/ethnic populations. Methods: This is a COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) registry-based retrospective cohort study of females with active or history of BC and laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnosed between March 2020 and June 2021 in the US. Primary outcome was COVID-19 severity measured on a five-level ordinal scale, including none of the following complications, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and all-cause mortality. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression model identified characteristics associated with COVID-19 severity. Results: 1383 female patient records with BC and COVID-19 were included in the analysis, the median age was 61 years, and median follow-up was 90 days. Multivariable analysis revealed higher odds of COVID-19 severity for older age (aOR per decade, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.32-1.67]); Black patients (aOR 1.74; 95 CI 1.24-2.45), Asian Americans and Pacific Islander patients (aOR 3.40; 95 CI 1.70-6.79) and Other (aOR 2.97; 95 CI 1.71-5.17) racial/ethnic groups; worse ECOG performance status (ECOG PS ≥2: aOR, 7.78 [95% CI, 4.83-12.5]); pre-existing cardiovascular (aOR, 2.26 [95% CI, 1.63-3.15])/pulmonary comorbidities (aOR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.20-2.29]); diabetes mellitus (aOR, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.66-3.04]); and active and progressing cancer (aOR, 12.5 [95% CI, 6.89-22.6]). Hispanic ethnicity, timing, and type of anti-cancer therapy modalities were not significantly associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. The total all-cause mortality and hospitalization rate for the entire cohort was 9% and 37%, respectively however, it varied according to the BC disease status. Conclusions: Using one of the largest registries on cancer and COVID-19, we identified patient and BC-related factors associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, underrepresented racial/ethnic patients experienced worse outcomes compared to non-Hispanic White patients. Funding: This study was partly supported by National Cancer Institute grant number P30 CA068485 to Tianyi Sun, Sanjay Mishra, Benjamin French, Jeremy L Warner; P30-CA046592 to Christopher R Friese; P30 CA023100 for Rana R McKay; P30-CA054174 for Pankil K Shah and Dimpy P Shah; KL2 TR002646 for Pankil Shah and the American Cancer Society and Hope Foundation for Cancer Research (MRSG-16-152-01-CCE) and P30-CA054174 for Dimpy P Shah. REDCap is developed and supported by Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research grant support (UL1 TR000445 from NCATS/NIH). The funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. Clinical trial number: CCC19 registry is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04354701.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , COVID-19 , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is common and debilitating among breast cancer survivors. The PEACE trial demonstrated that electro-acupuncture (EA) and battle field auricular acupuncture (BFAA) both reduced pain more than usual care (UC) in cancer survivors. However, the comparative effectiveness between EA and BFAA among breast cancer survivors is unknown. METHODS: EA and BFAA received ten weekly treatments. UC was offered ten EA treatments after week 12. The primary endpoint was change in mean Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) pain severity from baseline to week 12. We analyzed the subset of 165 (46%) trial participants with a breast cancer primary diagnosis. We conducted constrained linear mixed model analyses, which constrained all arms to a common pre-randomization baseline mean. Model-based mean estimates at weeks 12 and 24 were compared between arms using model contrasts. RESULTS: Among 165 breast cancer survivors, common pre-randomization mean pain severity was 5.35 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.04, 5.66]. At week 12, BPI pain severity score was 2.69 (2.26. 3.13) in EA, 3.60 (3.17, 4.02) in BFAA, and 5.06 (4.47, 5.65) in UC. EA reduced pain severity significantly more than BFAA at weeks 12 [- 0.90 (- 1.45, - 0.36), p = 0.001] and 24 [- 0.82, (- 1.38, - 0.27), p = 0.004]. EA and BFAA significantly improved both Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) - Global Health physical health and mental health component scores at week 12 compared to UC. Mild toxicities were reported. CONCLUSION: EA was more effective than BFAA at reducing pain severity, but both similarly improved physical and mental health scores. Breast cancer survivors with chronic musculoskeletal pain may consider EA before BFAA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02979574. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02979574.