[Dental monitoring in clear aligner treatment].

The success of clear aligner treatment relies on rational treatment planning, favorable patients' compliance and high-quality clinical dental monitoring. High-quality clinical dental monitoring involves not only evaluation of real-time tooth position and treatment-designed tooth position, but also the assessment of the root-alveolar bone relationship. However, fluent imaging tests with ionizing radiation are not realistic in clinical practice. Regarding the rapid advances in digital techniques, biomechanism based method, image processing algorithm-based method and multimodal data fusion-based method all exhibit great potential in monitoring tooth movement. This paper introduced the progress and clinical application in those methods for clinicians' reference.

[Orthodontic treatment and dental diseases].

The health of dental tissue is an important guarantee to obtain good orthodontic effect, and also the basis to achieve beauty, stability and function after orthodontic treatment. The classification of dental diseases is complex and diverse, which has different effects on orthodontic treatment. It is necessary to make clear diagnosis before orthodontic treatment, and take preventive and therapeutic measures according to the etiology and clinical symptoms, so as to achieve the goal of health treatment. Orthodontic treatment might cause a variety of changes in the teeth and pulp tissue. Such changes have certain rules and are complex and variable. Orthodontist should master relevant knowledge to minimize the side effects of orthodontic treatment.

[Effect of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion in patients with different radiographic stages of mid-palatal suture maturation].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in patients with different radiographic stages of midpalatal suture maturation. Methods: Twenty-eight patients [7 males and 21 females; age (15.5±5.5) years] with maxillary transverse deficiency were selected in the Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University from February 2017 to October 2019. According to the fusion of the midpalatal suture, the patients were divided into two groups: 10 patients [3 males and 7 females; age (19.9±6.9) years] were in fusion group and 18 patients [4 males and 14 females; age (13.0±2.4) years] were in non-fusion group. Each patient had cone-beam CT (CBCT) images taken immediately after the placement of micro-implants (T1) and the completion of maxillary expansion (T2). The CBCT images were analyzed using the Dolphin Imaging software to evaluate the amount of midpalatal expansion and the percentages of bony expansion, etc. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare the two groups. Results: After MARPE treatment, the amount of sutural expansion in fusion group was (3.23±1.45) mm while that in non-fusion group was (4.97±1.47) mm (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the percentages of bony expansion efficiency between the non-fusion group (71±20)% and the fusion group (46±18)% (P<0.05). Conclusions: Bony expansion efficiency was affacted by the radiographic stages of midpalatal suture maturation.

[Studies on difference between sporoderm-broken and nonbroken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. by polysaccharide analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the release ability of water-soluble polysaccharides in sporoderm-broken and nonbroken spores of Ganoderma lucidum, and establish a comparatively correct method for the determination and analysis of polysaccharide contents in Chinese herbs. METHOD: The release ability of water-soluble polysaccharides was determined on the basis of phenol-sulfuric acid modification in different conditions. RESULT: The release ability of polysaccharides of sporoderm-broken spores was much greater than that of nonbroken spores; and the phenol-sulfuric acid modified cation method proved excellent in accuracy and reproducibility, with a relative error less than 1.5%. CONCLUSION: The spores should be wall-wracked if used as a nutriment, or for extraction and analysis of their effective components. The method can be successfully used for the determination of polysaccharide contents in Chinese herbs or nutriments.

[Experimental study on cell cycle in rabbits' aortic smooth muscle cell culture in vitro with tongmai jiangzhi liquor].

The effects of Tongmai Jiangzhi Liquor (TMJZL) on the cell cycle kinetics in smooth muscle cell (SMCO of rabbits' midlayer of aortic wall was observed. It was showed that TMJZL could extend the time of cell culture, lower the percentage of SMC in G0/G1 phase and elevate the percentage of SMC in S phase gradually. The higher the concentration, the stronger the effect. The experiment showed that TMJZL had a marked inhibition of SMC of rabbits' midlayer of aortic wall cultured in vitro.

The combined method of transplantation of foetal substantia nigra and stereotactic thalamotomy for Parkinson's disease.

Five cases with late Parkinson's disease improved following treatment with a combination of foetal substantia nigra grafts and stereotactic thalamotomy. The average Webster's score decreased from 21 to 11 points. This modified method is simple, safe and effective.

Fetal tissue grafts for cerebellar atrophy.

It has been shown in a rat model that surgical injury to the right cerebellum with resultant ataxia can be corrected by implantation of embryonic cerebellar tissue into the injured cerebellum. Histological examinations of the cerebellar tissue revealed that mitoses of Purkinje cells of the implanted group were increased substantially over the control group's. The surgically induced ataxia resolved more rapidly in the cerebellar implant group than the control group. Based on this experimental data, a similar technique was applied in 6 patients with severe hereditary cerebellar degenerative ataxia. The preliminary results in these 6 surgically implanted patients with heredity degenerative cerebellar disease show 2 with marked improvement, 3 with moderate improvement and 1 with improvement for 2 months followed by mild deterioration but still better than presurgery. We also studied immunological markers in the blood and CSF in an attempt to determine whether rejection of implanted tissue occurs.