Case-Control Study of the Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Genes Involved in Xenobiotic Detoxification and Antioxidant Protection with the Long-Term Influence of Organochlorine Pesticides on the Population of the Almaty Region.

The association of genetic polymorphisms with the individual sensitivity of humans to the action of pesticide pollution is being actively studied in the world. The aim of this study was a molecular epidemiological analysis of candidate polymorphisms of genes involved in pesticide metabolism, detoxification, and antioxidant protection. Some of the selected polymorphisms also relate to susceptibility to cancer and cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune system diseases in individuals exposed to pesticides for a long time. For a case-control study of a unique cohort of people exposed to organochlorine pesticides for 10 years or more were chosen, a control cohort was selected that matched with the experimental group by the main population characteristics. PCR-PRLF and genome-wide microarray genotyping (GWAS) methods were used. We identified 17 polymorphisms of xenobiotic detoxification genes and 27 polymorphisms of antioxidant defense genes, which had a significantly high statistical association with the negative impact of chronic pesticide intoxication on human health. We also found 17 polymorphisms of xenobiotic detoxification genes and 12 polymorphisms of antioxidant defense genes that have a protective effect. Data obtained added to the list of potential polymorphisms that define a group at high risk or resistant to the negative effects of pesticides.

Individual Risk Assessment for Population Living on the Territories Long-Term Polluted by Organochlorine Pesticides.

The long-term storage of unutilized pesticides raised new problems of long-term environmental contamination. The study presents the results of surveying 151 individuals in 7 villages living close to pesticide-contaminated localities. All individuals have been surveyed concerning their consumption habits and lifestyle characteristics. An assessment of the general exposure risks of the local population was carried out using the analysis of pollutants in food products and the average levels of their consumption in the region. The cohort risk evaluation revealed that the greatest risk was associated with the regular consumption of cucumbers, pears, bell peppers, meat, and milk. The new model to estimate individual risks of long-term pesticide pollution was proposed as a calculation of the combined action of 9 risk factors, including individual genotypes, age, lifestyle, and personal pesticide consumption rates. The analysis of the predictive ability of this model showed that the final score for individual health risks corresponded to the development of chronic diseases. A high level of chromosomal aberrations was evidenced for individual genetic risk manifestations. The combined influence of all risk factors revealed contributions of 24.7% for health status and 14.2% for genetic status, while other impacts go to all unaccounted factors.