[Morphological aspects of acute intoxication with azaleptin].

Clinico-anatomical analysis, chemico-toxicological and histological examination of material from 54 deceased from intoxication with azaleptin both in urgent toxicology department and pre-admission stage, were performed. Morphology of intoxication with azaleptin was studied, structural base of genopathy at these intoxications was developed.

[Aspects of forensic medical diagnosis of acute opiate poisoning]. / Aspekty sudebno-meditsinskoi diagnostiki ostrykh otravlenii opiatami.

The case study is dedicated to morphological changes occurring in the organs and tissues in lethal outcomes due to acute poisoning with narcotic substances; it is also dedicated to the structure of an acute respiratory insufficiency in unexpected "heroin" death and to delayed death after intoxication. The clinical-and-anatomical analysis of the material, involving the immunological, biochemical, chemical and spectral examination data, has been undertaken.

[Morphological aspects of diagnosis of acute opiate poisoning]. / Morfologicheskie aspekty diagnostiki ostrykh otravlenii opiatami.

Clinical anatomical analysis, forensic chemical, morphological, bacteriological, and immunological investigations of material from 62 subjects dead from acute poisoning with opiates before hospitalization (31 cases) and in hospital (31 cases) were carried out. Organ and tissue lesions typical of opiate poisoning were detected. The outcome of acute poisoning with opiates is largely determined by severe dystrophic and inflammatory processes in organs and tissues, typical of narcomaniacs.

[The air-blood barrier in chronic bronchitis deformans]. / Sostoianie aérogematicheskogo bar'era pri khronicheskom deformiruiushchem bronkhite.

The authors studied the aerohematic barrier (AHB) in chronic bronchitis deformans in 30 children. Lung fragments obtained during the operation were examined. A morphofunctional study in chronic bronchitis deformans with and without bronchiectasia revealed uniform changes of the capillaries and epithelial elements. The AHB showed also some different changes. Namely, vacuolization of endothelial cells and an increase of type II alveocytes with small osmophilic lamellar bodies were more pronounced in chronic bronchitis deformans. Changes in AHB elements may be caused by immature lung parenchyma and by compensatory processes directed for restoration of structures destroyed by the inflammatory process.

[The pathological anatomy of acute inflammatory lung diseases in adults]. / Patologicheskaia anatomiia ostrykh vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii legkikh u vzroslykh.

The paper relates the author's concern for diminishing interest of the pathologists to investigations of adult acute pneumonia, though chronic lung diseases and acute childhood pneumonia draw much attention. It is believed invalid to neglect classic methods of histobacterioscopy which are to be advanced. The researchers should insist on introduction of improved techniques of enzyme immunoassays in identification of pulmonary infection of viral and bacterial origin, study new kinds of pneumonias such as legionnaires' disease, Mycoplasma pneumonias, opportunistic infections in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, e.g. AIDS, etc., presenting a wide field for the prosector's activity.

[Changes in the lungs in the early period of closed trauma of the thorax in rats]. / Izmeneniia v legkikh v rannem periode zakrytoi travmy grudnoi kletki u krys.

In experiments on rats it has been demonstrated that in the acute period of uninjured parts of the lungs periodic changes of protein, lipid and glucose concentrations developed. In uninjured parts of the lungs one can observe more concentration of lipids and in injured parts-more glucose. The changes of substrates, concentrations in the lungs are due to not only the changes of venous blood excess in the lungs, but are connected with metabolic changes in the cells of the injured and uninjured parts of the lungs. The metabolic changes in the lungs in the acute period of chest trauma influence the creation of such indices of gas exchange as PaCO2 and PACO2.

[Effect of pulmonary lipid peroxidation on the development of arterial hypoxemia in rats in the early posttraumatic period]. / Vliianie perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov legkikh na formirovanie arterial'noi gipoksemii u krys v rannem posttravmaticheskom periode.

In experiments on rats it has been demonstrated that in the early post-traumatic period of chest contusion the appearance of respiratory insufficiency of the arterial-hypoxemia type is followed by increase of free-radical lipid peroxidation products of the lungs. To demonstrate the specific significance of these processes in decrease of PaO2 value is impossible, as submolecular changes in the lungs appear simultaneously with functional disorders. In the first week after trauma the mechanism of these processes in the normal parts of lungs is connected with activation of anabolic processes, but in the injured parts of lungs with activation of catabolic processes.

[Pathologic anatomy of traumatic shock during peace time]. / Patologicheskaia anatomiia travmaticheskogo shoka mirnogo vremeni.

The study on the morphology of organs in 316 fatalities due to traumatic shock and blood loss and organs of 120 dogs and 25 rats sacrificed after reproduction of closed trauma of the chest accompanied by blood loss revealed the dependence of morphological changes on the time of shock development and the size of blood loss. Soon after trauma, disorders in the permeability of the capillary basal membrane are found against the background of massive blood loss. Disorders in hemodynamics progress during the first 24 hours when first signs of necrobiosis of the parenchymatous organs begin to appear. Circulatory disorders in the myocardium, brain, and lungs regularly found in this period aggravate the progress of hypoxia and dystrophic changes which are clearly seen in the next 2-4 days. Inadequate treatment in the first days after trauma may increase microcirculatory disorders and necrotic processes sometimes progressing in some organ to its insufficiency, more frequently observed in the lungs or heart (myocardial infarction). The dependence of the above-mentioned complications on the initial manifestations of traumatic shock combined with massive blood loss allowed them to be united into a traumatic disease described in separate phases of its development.

[Morphogenesis of acute respiratory insufficiency of different etiology]. / Morfogenez ostroi dykhatel'noi nedostatochnosti razlichnoi étiologii.

In the lungs of patients with acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI), perfusion-ventilation disorders are observed in the form of acute hemodynamic disturbances and progressive increased permeability at the level of the aerohematic barrier followed by the development of alveolitis and microatelectases associated with reduced surfactant production. The time of development of ARI depended on the disorders of ventilation of the pulmonary parenchyma of both local and central genesis. The involvement of the bronchial tree into the pathological process contributed to lung infection. Early pulmonary fibrosis due to fibrin organization in alveolar lumina developed as an ARI outcome. The ARI and severe changes in the lungs facilitated the development of metabolic disorders in the myocardium which in their turn aggravated the pulmonary pathology.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of acute respiratory failure in closed chest injury]. / Morfofunktsional'naia kharakteristika ostroi dykhatel'noi nedostatochnosti pri zakrytoi travme grudi.

The results of experimental reproduction in dogs of some components of closed thoracic injury: traumatic injuries of the lungs and disturbed carcass of the thorax which led to the development of acute respiratory insufficiency are presented. Morphological manifestations of the latter consisted in hemorrhages of various sizes and atelectasis, as well as marked hemodynamic disorders developing, according to electron microscopy, at the level of aerohematic barrier. The concurrent arterial hypoxemia facilitated the development of hypoxic lesions in the myocardium. These studies demonstrated that myocardial lesions may aggravate the severity of respiratory insufficiency.

[Morphology of the acute respiratory insufficiency syndrome during resuscitation and intensive therapy]. / Morfologiia sindroma ostroi dykhatel'noi nedostatochnosti v usloviiakh reanimatsii i intensivnoi terapii.

Morphological characteristics of pulmonary alterations in relation to the duration of respiratory disorders are presented on the basis of the analysis of the autopsy materials from the patients dying with signs of acute respiratory insufficiency after intensive care in various extreme conditions. The most constant morphological signs of pulmonary pathology occurring after various methods of intensive therapy and possible mechanisms of their development are emphasized.

[Intestinal schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni)]. / Kishechnyi shistosomatoz (Schistosoma mansoni).

An observation of the intestinal form of schistosomiasis due to invasion with Schistosoma mansoni in a patient of 20, a student from Yemen. The diagnosis was established by histological examinations of tumour-like formations on the serous membrane of the sigmoid colon taken during laparotomy for penetrating wound of the abdomen. After a special treatment the patient was discharged in a satisfactory state.

[Morphology of pulmonary atelectasis in patients operated on and not operated on taking into account pulmonary surfactant state]. / Morfologiia atelektaza legkikh u operirovannykh i neoperirovannykh bol'nykh s uchetom sostoinaiia legochnogo surfaktanta.

The results of clinico-anatomical analysis and of histological examinations of 210 cases of atelectasis with simultaneous study of lung surfactant (126 cases) are described. Electron microscopic examinations of lung tissues were conducted in 8 cases of early autopsy. The postoperative atelectases were compared with those in nonoperated patients. The postoperative atelectases were characterized by substantially larger lesions and prevalence of reflectory, aspiratory, and polyetiological types of lesions. A certain dynamics of changes in the lung surfactant activity was established: a substantial increase of the activity during in the acutest phase of atelectasis and its significant decline towards the end of the first week of the disease. The changes of the surfactant indices directly depend on the synthesizing activity of type II pneumocytes. The decrease of the surfactant occurs secondarily as atelectasis advances.

[Conservation of the lung in the course of 2 to 24 hours with delayed autotransplantation in the experiment]. / Konservatsiia legkogo v techenie 2 i 24 chasov s otsrochennoi autotransplantatsiei v éksperimente

Opportunities of preservation of the lung at +4 degrees C and in association of this temperature with hyperbaric oxygenation during 2 and 24 hours with postponed autotransplantation have been studied. In 74 experiments on dogs postponed autotransplantation of the lung was performed, including 46--with preservation during 2 hours, and 28--with preservation during 24 hours. Based on the studies carried out, it was found that in preservation of the lung during 2 hours at +4 degrees C or in association of +4 degrees C and hyperbaric oxygenation the lung could be successfully employed for postponed autotransplantation. It is felt that there is no considerable difference between the results of experiments with postponed autotransplatation of the lung in preservation during 2 and 24 hours, depending on different conditions of preservation.