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INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Duodenal polyps are rare in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The present study is an experience of the histopathological spectrum of the duodenal polyps and its correlation with the clinical and endoscopic findings in a tertiary care centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a 10-year retrospective study from the year 2011 to 2020. All the relevant clinical, endoscopic and radiologic findings were retrieved from the hospital medical records. Old histopathology slides were restained, and wherever required, special stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed. All the cases were reviewed. The present study mainly included descriptive statistics with categorical and continuous variables. RESULTS: Total 81 cases of duodenal polyps were studied in the period of 10 years. The median age was 48 years. Male: female ratio was 2.2:1. The most common presenting system was abdominal pain. We experienced both solitary and multiple polyps. The majority of the duodenal polyps were non-neoplastic, with unremarkable mucosa or inflammatory type. Unlike previous studies the most common site for the hyperplastic polyp in the present study was the first part of the duodenum. Among the neoplastic polyps, adenomatous polyp was the most common type. Contrary to the previous studies, our study showed the first part of the duodenum as the most common site for the sporadic nonampullary adenomatous duodenal polyps. Of the rare entities, we encountered a single case each of lipomatous polyp and gangliocytic paraganglioma. Among the syndromes we encountered two cases of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and one case of familial adenomatous polyp in our study population.CONCLUSION Duodenal polyps are a rare finding on endoscopic examinations, though most of them are non-neoplastic in nature, vigilant examination under the microcope is required to rule out any neoplastic pathology and identify the risk of malignancy.
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CONTEXT: In this autopsy study, the various morphological patterns of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been analyzed and compared along with their etiopathogenesis. AIMS: We aimed to study the prevalence and clinicopathological correlation of ARDS based on age, gender, hospital stay, symptoms, clinical diagnosis, gross, and microscopy findings. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Total 130 cases of ARDS were studied over a period of 5 years. Age, gender, hospital stay duration, symptoms, clinical diagnosis, gross and microscopic lung finding, clinicopathological correlation, and cause of death were documented and analyzed. Special stains were done whenever required. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: This is an observational study, and simple statistics such as mean, median, and standard deviation have been used for continuous variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of ARDS among the adult autopsy was 6.05%. Majority of the cases were in the age group of 18-30 years (36.9%), with a male: female ratio of 1.7:1. Chief complaints were fever (71%), breathlessness (54.6%), and chills (43.8%). The main clinical diagnoses were ARDS (41.6%), sepsis (28.3%), acute febrile illness (17%), and lower respiratory tract infection (12.5%). Most of the patients had a hospital stay of <1 day. Associated conditions mostly included chronic alcoholism (16.1%), pregnancy (16.1%), and chronic smoking (10.7%). Major findings on gross examination were intrapulmonary hemorrhage (38.5%), ARDS (33%), pulmonary edema (13%), and pneumonia (15.3%).On microscopy, major findings were hyaline membrane (84.6%), intrapulmonary hemorrhage (76.1%), pulmonary edema (75.3%), organizing fibrin (55.3%), and bronchopneumonia (36.2%). CONCLUSION: Infections were one of the major predisposing causes of ARDS. Due to the short interval, the underlying cause for ARDS often goes undiagnosed.