[Treatment of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: case reports and a literature review]. / Lechenie zlokachestvennykh opukholei obolochek perifericheskikh nervov: sluchai iz praktiki i obzor literatury.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are soft tissue sarcomas that develop from peripheral nerve sheath cells (T. Hirose, B.W. Scheithauer). These tumors are characterized by aggressive growth with an unfavorable outcome and may develop de novo or through malignant transformation of schwannomas, neurofibromas, or ganglioneuromas. MPNSTs are characterized by a rapid course and a poor prognosis. In this article, we reported cases of patients with malignant peripheral nerve tumors of the brachial plexus trunks and spinal localization.

[Resection of a giant sacral schwannoma: case report and literature review]. / Udalenie gigantskoi nevrinomy v oblasti kresttsa: sluchai iz praktiki i obzor literatury.

Neurogenic sacral tumors are extremely rare. In most reported cases, this pathology was associated with neurofibromatosis. Sacral tumors manifest themselves at the stage when the neoplasm volume becomes giant, but these manifestations usually go unnoticed for the patient. Surgical approach to the sacral region is extremely challenging; intimate proximity of tumor capsule to vital organs, vessels, and nerves makes radical surgical treatment of these neoplasms rather difficult. A case report of radical resection of a schwannoma that was destroying the sacrum and continued to grow after radiotherapy is presented in this article.

[Complications of surgical treatment of sacral tumors]. / Oslozhneniia khirurgicheskogo lecheniia opukholei kresttsovoi lokalizatsii.

Sacral tumors are a group of neoplasms heterogeneous in the histological type, malignancy, and growth pattern, but with common localization. Surgical treatment of these tumors is associated with the risk of major and minor complications, both during and after surgery. Usually, any surgery aimed at removing tumors in the sacrum or sacral region is associated with the need for reconstruction of bones and/or soft tissues to provide conditions for normal wound healing and the possibility of activating the patient. AIM: The study aim was to analyze complications associated with surgery for sacral tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is based on the experience of surgical treatment of 57 patients with the diagnosis of sacral tumor. The patients underwent 60 surgical interventions related to treatment of the underlying pathology and complications of surgical treatment. Major and minor complications developed in 37 (68%) operated patients. A total of 47 different complications were recorded. In 6 patients, complications in the early postoperative period required additional surgery. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of sacral tumors is associated with a high risk of complications. Despite the potential risk of major complications, sacrectomy for primary, or potentially aggressive, or malignant neurogenic tumors of the sacrum is necessary to improve local control and survival of patients.

[Management of neurogenic tumors of the sacrum and sacral area]. / Taktika lecheniia neirogennykh opukholei kresttsa i kresttsovoi oblasti.

Tumors of the sacrum rarely occur in routine practice. Due to the absence of pathognomonic symptoms, the diagnosis often becomes apparent at a late disease stage. In this case, the treatment approach depends on the degree of tumor malignancy, growth pattern and location, and relationship between the tumor and the nervous structures, major vessels, and pelvic bones. OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the overall and relapse-free survival of patients with neurogenic tumors of the sacrum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, we analyzed the treatment outcomes in 27 patients with neurogenic sacral tumors who underwent surgery at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute. RESULTS: The median survival time of patients with neurogenic tumors was 72 months; the shortest survival time was observed in a group of neurogenic sarcomas, with the mean survival time being 30 months. Malignant tumors of the peripheral nerves recurred in 100% of cases. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of neurogenic tumors of the sacrum reduces pain, but does not lead to regression of the neurological symptoms caused by compression of the sacral plexus roots. Patients with malignant tumors of the sacrum should undergo partial or complete sacrectomy. In this case, the choice of treatment strategy should be based on assessment of the functional status, tumor histology, and somatic features of the patient.

[Modern treatments for degenerative disc diseases of the lumbosacral spine. A literature review]. / Sovremennye metody lecheniia degenerativnykh zabolevanii mezhpozvonkovogo diska. Obzor literatury.

Many researchers consider degenerative diseases of the spine as a pandemic of the XXIst century. Herniated intervertebral discs of the lumbosacral spine occur in 61% of patients with degenerative spine diseases. Of these, 15% of patients have herniated discs at the LII-LIII level, 10% of patients at the LIII-LIV level, and 40% of patients at the LIV-LV and LV-SI levels. A high cost of conservative treatment of degenerative spine disease symptoms and its low efficacy in reducing the intensity and duration of pain necessitate the development of new methods of surgical treatment. In this paper, we analyze the literature data on minimally invasive spine surgery and demonstrate the main advantages of percutaneous endoscopic surgical techniques.