Iatrogenic Ureteral Injuries Associated with Gynecological and Surgical Procedures: Our Experience About 18 Cases and Literature Review.

AIM: To describe the epidemiological aspects, etiology and outcome of iatrogenic ureteral injury repair at the urology division of Souro Teaching Hospital of Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina-Faso). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study of consecutive patients with iatrogenic ureteric injuries who were referred and managed in the urology division of Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital (Bobo-Dioulasso) from January 2012 to December 2017. Variables studied were age, the time at the diagnosis, the causative event, the method of repair, and the outcome of the management. RESULTS: The mean age was 37.72±3.5 years coming from the rural population in most cases. The mean time at the diagnosis was 15 days. The injuries were due to gynecologic surgeries with hysterectomy (66%) and caesarian section (33%). Ureteric reimplantation with anti-reflux system was performed in seventeen patients. The rate of treatment success was 94% and the postoperative course was uneventful for all the patients. CONCLUSION: Iatrogenic ureteric lesions at the department of urology of Sanou Sourou teaching hospital of Bobo Dioulasso were mainly caused by gynecologic and obstetric surgeries like hysterectomy and caesarian section.

[Penile fracture: about six cases observed at the Souro Sanou University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso]. / La fracture de verge: à propos de six observations au CHU Sanou Souro de Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

Penile fracture is a rare urologic emergency, defined as a traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum. It mainly affects the young subjects during sexual intercourse. The purpose of this study was to report treatment outcomes in 6 patients with penile fracture observed in the Department of Urology-Andrology, Souro Sanou University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso. The study involved six patients with an average age of 38.3 years admitted in the hospital with painful penile swelling (4 cases) and persistent urethrorragia (2 cases) after wrong coital movement or forced manipulation of the penis. Painful swelling of the penis with penis simulating the appearance of an aubergine was the main sign found. Treatment was based on evacuation of the intracavernous haematoma followed by albuginorraphy in 5 cases and conservative treatment in 1 case. All patients had an uneventful postoperative course.

Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among Infants, Toddlers, and Children in Western Burkina Faso: Results From a Clinical Trial of Alternative Immunization Schedules.

BACKGROUND: Many African countries have introduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into their routine immunization program to reduce the burden of morbidity and death that results from Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, yet immunogenicity and reactogenicity data from the region are limited for the 2 available PCV products. METHODS: We conducted a randomized trial of 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Infants received 3 doses of PCV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age or at 6 weeks, 14 weeks, and 9 months of age; toddlers received 2 doses 2 months apart or 1 dose beginning at 12 to 15 months of age; and children received 1 dose between 2 and 4 years of age. We measured each participant's serotype-specific serum immunoglobulin G concentration and opsonophagocytic activity before and after vaccination. For each age group, we compared immune responses between study arms and between the standard schedule in our study and the PCV13-licensing trials. RESULTS: In total, 280 infants, 302 toddlers, and 81 children were assigned randomly and underwent vaccination; 268, 235, and 77 of them completed follow-up, respectively. PCV13 resulted in low reactogenicity in all the study arms. The vaccine elicited a strong primary immune response in infants after 2 or more doses and in children aged 1 to 4 years after 1 dose. Infants who received a booster dose exhibited a robust memory response. Immunogenicity was higher than or comparable to that observed in the PCV13-licensing trials for a majority of serotypes in all 3 age groups. CONCLUSIONS: PCV13 has a satisfactory immunogenicity and reactogenicity profile in this population. Our findings will help support decision making by countries regarding their infant and catch-up vaccination schedules.

Prevalence and risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso).

BACKGROUND: Malaria during pregnancy remains a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors for malaria in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at two primary health facilities in Bobo-Dioulasso. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional study from September to December 2010 in two primary health facilities located in the periurban area of Bobo-Dioulasso. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) were included in the study after signing informed consent. For each participant, the social-demographic profile, malaria and obstetric histories were investigated through a questionnaire. Peripheral blood was collected and thick and thin blood smears were prepared to check Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia. Hemoglobin concentration was measured. The associations between age, parity, gestational age, schooling, number of ANC visits, use of IPTp-SP, use of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and anemia with the occurrence of P. falciparum malaria infection during pregnancy were analyzed through logistic regression. RESULTS: During the period of study, 105 (18.1%) out of 579 pregnant women were infected by P. falciparum. The hemoglobin concentration mean was 10.5 ± 1.7/dL and was significantly lower in pregnant women with malaria infection (9.8 g/dL ±1.6) than in those who had no malaria infection (10.6 g/dL ±1.7) (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that, education (AOR 1.9, 95% CI = [1.2-3.2]), parity [primigravidae (AOR 5.0, 95% CI = [2.5-9.8]) and secundigravidae (AOR 2.1, 95% CI = [1.2-3.8])], and anaemia (AOR 2.1, 95% CI = [1.3-3.5]) were significantly associated with P. falciparum malaria infection. The use of IPTp-SP was not associated with P. falciparum malaria infection. CONCLUSIONS: P. falciparum malaria infection is common in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic and anaemia is an important complication. The results show that the use of IPTp-SP does not reduce the risk of malaria incidence during pregnancy.