[Cytomorphological assessment of the epithelial cells of the nasal cavity in the population of urban areas].

There presented results of cytomorphological studies of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity in children 6-7 years old, 14-15 years old adolescents and adults of all ages (from 20 to 59 years) living in Ekibastuz and the settlement Solnechnyy. Significant unidirectional subatrophic changes in nasal mucosal epithelium were found in 20.6 to 52.63%. Out of 180 examined children and adults in Ekibastuz and the settlement Solnechnyy 42.0% showed an increased number of apoptotic cells. At the same time in 20.9% out of the 110 examined adults in Ekibastuz in nasal epithelium a large number of binuclear and trinuclear cells was revealed, that indicating a high chemical load.

[Cytomorphological assessment of cotton dust effect on the body of experimental animals].

Experimental studies to determine the cytomorphologicalchanges when exposed to cotton dust at concentrations 5mg/m3 in 2 months time. Cytomorphological effect of the accumulation manifested destructively changed cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage, stomach, liver, thyroid, pancreas, spleen, and kidney (females, these changes are expressed more).

[Structural and functional-metabolic criteria for studies of bronchial lavage cells in beryllium production workers].

The article presents results of cytomorphologic and cytochemical studies of bronchoalveolar lavage cells in experimental animals and in beryllium production workers having beryllium intoxication signs. Findings are increased counts of degenerated neutrophils and macrophages in bronchial lavage, high degree of microbial (streptococcal and staphylococcal) contamination in workers having atrophic bronchitis, low levels of catecholamines and esterase activity, high content of phospholipids, if compared to apparently healthy individuals. These tests are expedient to use in early diagnosis among beryllium production workers.

[Microelemental and cytologic state of children in urban areas].

Microelemental and cytomorphologic studies among preschoolers living in East Kazakhstan revealed accumulation of toxic metals (lead, mercury, cadmium) in hair and lower essential microelements (copper, selenium) in urine, increased number of cells with vacuole dystrophy, phagocyted, apoptotic (residual bodies) and degenerated cells, mastocytes, acaryotes in nasal and buccal epithelium. Noninvasive studies (of hair, urine, nasal and buccal epithelium) are sensitive, informative and prognostically valuable tests for diagnosis of ecologically dependent disorders.

[Evaluation of the status of experimental animals after chronic sulfur steam inhalation].

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and the hepatorenal system were studied on albino rats in one-month regeneration period after 4-month chronic sulfur vapor in a dose of 1.76 and 12.68 microg/m3. Cytomorphological studies were used to detect the cumulative properties of sulfur: there were pathological processes in the hepatocytes; the light hepatocytes showed small-canalicular adipose degeneration, reduced dark cells, and increased degenerated light cells. There was a rise in the count of neutrophilic leukocytes, suggesting the progression of an inflammatory process in the regeneration period. The secretory function of the renal tubules exhibited destructive changes in the small and large light tubular cells; protein dystrophy was to a greater extent encountered in small tubular cells in the regeneration period.

[Health status assessment of the population living in vicinity of carrier rocket fall areas].

One hundred and eighteen subjects living at various distances from the carrier rocket fall places underwent cytomorphological studies of the upper airways (rhinocytogram) and buccal epithelium. The findings indicate that the dwellers of the settlements of Ulytausky District have chronic hypertrophic rhinitis since the nasal mucosa and the buccal epithelium are the first and most important biological barrier on the way of adverse and technogenic factors to come into the organism. Technogenic pollutants have cumulative activities, causing granulated mast cells to accumulate; then they actively secrete biologically active substances, by impairing the epithelial responsiveness in both the upper airways and the buccal epithelium.

[Clinicocytological assessment of nasal mucosa and buccal epithelium in coal miners].

The aim of the study was cytomorphological examination of the cells of nasal mucosa and buccal epithelium in coal miners. Two groups of miners were examined: non-exposed and exposed to industrial dust. It was found that coal dust inhalation provokes dystrophic processes in the upper airways, impairs intracellular regeneration resulting in atrophic changes in nasal mucosa epithelium. Morphometry (rhinocytogram) with estimation of cell composition in the upper airways of miners evaluates a cleaning function and respiratory system defense in long-term exposure of the miners to occupational dust hazards.

[Cellular metabolism in nasal lining and buccal epithelium in coal miners].

The authors used cytoche mical methods to study functions of cells in nasal lining,buccal epithelium and peripheral blood of coal miners suffering from anthracosilicosis stage I. Findings were lower activity of ATPase, increased activity of acid phosphatase with partial and complete diffusion of products, higher levels of phospholipids, glycosaminoglycans and glycogen in comparison with those in apparently healthy individuals. These tests are expedient for diagnosis of anthracosilicosis at early stages in miners.

[The cytological status of the nasal mucosa and the buccal epithelium in coal miners].

Sixty-four persons were examined. The examination was undertaken to study the cytomophological parameters of the cells of the nasal mucosa and the buccal epithelium in coal miners. Group 1 consisted of 18 donors without contact with industrial dust; Group 2 comprised 24 apparently healthy miners; Group 3 included 22 workers (drift miners) with Stage 1 anthracosilicosis, grade 1 respiratory failure. The patients with Stage 1 anthracosilicosis had noticeably worse morphofunctional characteristics of the epithelium that displayed extensive fields with pronounced structural changes, such as destruction and desquamation of the integumentary epithelium of the nasal mucosa. Nasal mucosal atrophic changes were observed in 50% of the examined miners. Examination of the buccal epithelium in apparently healthy miners (code 0) and in workers with Stage I anthracosilicosis revealed the increased proportion of microfloral (Streptococcus) contamination by 79% and 3.7 times, respectively.

[Cellular functional changes in the endocrine system of the rats upon exposure to coal rock dust and during exercise].

Exposure to coal rock dust in combination with exercise for 2 months was found to have a negative impact on cellular metabolism in the endocrine system. The early form of anthracosilicosis developed in this period. Cytomorphological study revealed cellular changes in the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and pancreatic glands. The cells of the endocrine organs are functionally tense upon exposure to toxic and physical factors and they are most vulnerable in this period of an experiment.

[Cytochemical parameters in studying the body at peripheral hemopoiesis level].

The authors used cytochemical methods to study functions of neutrophils, RBC and lymphocytes of perpheral blood in miners suffering from anthracosilicosis stage I, revealed higher phospholipids content, lower catecholamines, increased activity of monoamine oxidase, esterase, decreased glycogen, RNA and lysosomal cationic proteins, in comparison with apparently healthy individuals. These tests are considered expedient in diagnosis of early anthracosilicosis manifestations in miners.

[Dependence of bronchial obstruction development on morphometric changes in upper respiratory tract and on nitrogen oxide synthesis in chronic dust bronchitis]. / Zavisimost' razvitiia bronkhial'noi obstruktsii ot morfometricheskikh izmenenii verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei i sinteza oksida azota pri khronicheskom pylevom bronkhite.

Dependence bronchial obstruction development on morphometric and metabolic changes in upper respiratory tract was revealed in chronic dust bronchitis patients. As a result, the authors proved pathogenetic mechanisms underlying antioxidant and bronchodilation effects of nitrogen oxide and their correlation with reparation and phagocytic changes seen in rhinocytogram examination.

[Cytomorphological and metabolic changes in the adrenal glands of rats exposed to coal and rock dust and during exercise]. / Tsitomorfologicheskie i metabolicheskie izmeneniia v nadpochechnikakh krys pri deistvii ugol'no-porodnoi pyli i fizicheskoi nagruzki.

Cytomorphological and cytochemical studies were used to examine 28 experimental non-inbred male rats that had been intratracheally exposed to 50 mg of coal rock dust (CRD) and had concurrently exercises (running) for 2 hours 5 times a week during a 3-month experiment. Toxic and physical factors were found to adversely affect the functional status of the sympathoadrenal systems of adrenal cortical cells (ACC). The most significant impairments of cytomorphological and metabolic changes were observed in ACC under the combined effects of CRD and during exercise.

[Cytochemical parameters of myeloperoxidase activity and catecholamine level in blood of postpartum women living in areas near the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site]. / Tsitokhimicheskie pokazateli aktivnosti mieloperoksidazy i soderzhaniia katekholaminov v krovi rodil'nits, prozhivaiushchikh na territoriakh, prilegaiushchikh k Semipalatinskomu iadernomu poligonu.

The activity of neitrophil myeloperoxidase and content of blood etyrhrocyte cathecholamines in the blood of women in early postpartum period in dependence on distance of their living area from Semipalatinsk nuclear testing were studied. It was found that women who live closer to Semipalatinsk were characterised by significantly lower neitrophil myeloperoxidase activity and content of cathecholamines in erythrocytes than in control.

[The informative value of biochemical and cytochemical markers in laboratory animals during field tests]. / Informativnost' biokhimicheskikh i tsitokhimicheskikh markerov u laboratornykh zhivotnykh pri naturnykh issledovaniiakh.

Field tests (delivery of animals to differently polluted areas having) were carried out. The criterial significance of biochemical and cytochemical tests of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from the animals was defined. The biochemical tests revealed significant changes in total protein, cholesterol, phospholipids, phospholipase A, histamine, serotonin, and others, which indicates metabolic dysfunction in BAL. The findings suggest that the lysosomal cell membranes are disorganized and the permeability of cell mitochondrial membranes is impaired. Thus, analyzing the findings makes it possible to identify the key links of damages and to define the true significance of environmental factors in realizing the mechanisms of pulmonary preabnormality.

[Effects of ionizing radiation on catecholamine level in experimental animals]. / Vliianie ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia na soderzhanie katekholaminov v éksperimente.

The activity of neutrophilic myeloperoxidase and the levels of catecholamines in the peripheral red blood cells of the lactating rats exposed to total gamma-radiation in cumulative doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 Gy on days 8 to 18 of gestation were studied. It is shown that there are dose-dependent changes; with increasing radiation dosage, the activity of neutrophilic myeloperoxidase decreases and the levels of peripheral red blood cell catecholamines elevate. Exposed to small-dose radiation, the lactating rat's body seems to produce a more perfect mechanism responsible for the regulation of adaptive responses, which is suggested by a closer correlation when radiation is generated in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 Gy; the correlation decreases when the dose is increased.

[The morphometric assessment of smears from the nasal mucosa of children in Qaraghandy]. / Morfometricheskaia otsenka mazkov slizistoi obolochki nosa detei Karagandy.

The nasal mucosa was examined in 100 children aged 6-7 years who lived in different polluted areas. The examination showed that the children's upper airway epithelium had a lower purifying capacity in both groups, especially in those residing in the higher polluted area. Cytomorphometric changes in the epithelium, white blood cells, macrophages, and in the alteration index increased with mucociliary clearance functional insufficiency.