Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): Series of 49 French Pediatric Cases.

BACKGROUND: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare and potentially fatal adverse reaction. It can be difficult to diagnose, even more so among children, because symptoms may mimic other commonly encountered pediatric conditions. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical and laboratory features of DRESS syndrome in the pediatric population (age ≤18 years) and establish causative agents and treatment modalities. METHODS: This was a multicenter retrospective study of probable and definite DRESS cases (Registry of Sever Cutaneous Adverse Reaction score ≥ 4) in children hospitalized in 15 French university hospitals between 2000 and 2020. RESULTS: We included 49 cases. All children had fever and rash, 69.4% had lymphadenopathy, and 65.3% had facial edema. The most common organ affected was the liver (83.7%). Treatment consisted of topical corticosteroid in only 30.6% and systemic corticosteroid in 55.1%; 12.2% received intravenous immunoglobulin. Among probable and likely culprit drugs, 65% were antibiotics and 27.5% were antiepileptics, median time to DRESS symptom onset after initiation of 15 days (13 days with antibiotics and 21 days with antiepileptics). Twenty-seven children had allergy assessment for causative agents, 65.4% of whom had positive tests. CONCLUSIONS: Culprit drugs are frequently antibiotics and antiepileptic drugs, and onset is often less than 2 weeks after treatment starts, especially with antibiotics. Treatment with topical corticosteroids appears to be sufficient in the least severe cases. Treatment by systemic corticosteroid therapy remains the reference treatment in case of severe organ damage.

Should Targeted Therapy Be Continued in BRAF-Mutant Melanoma Patients after Complete Remission?

BACKGROUND: Targeted therapy is used to treat patients with a BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma and is continued until disease progression or severe toxicity. No robust data on the management of patients achieving a complete remission (CR) are available. MAIN OBJECTIVE: To determine the relapse rate in the first year after targeted therapy discontinuation in patients in CR. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: To determine the relapse rates throughout the follow-up and to identify prognostic factors for relapse at 1 year. METHODS: A retrospective, monocentric observational study was conducted in patients with advanced melanoma included in the RIC-Mel database who discontinued targeted therapy after achieving a CR confirmed by CT scan and PET/CT scan. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were included. Seventeen (58.6%) patients were treated with BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) alone and 12 (41.4%) with a BRAFi combined with a MEK inhibitor (BRAFi + MEKi). The median treatment duration was 9.7 months. The relapse rates after discontinuation were 69% at 12 months (BRAFi: 70.6%; BRAFi + MEKi: 66.7%) and 76% at 36 months (BRAFi: 76.5%; BRAFi + MEKi: 75%). A non-significant trend towards a higher risk of relapse was found in women (p = 0.1; RR 3.36; 95% CI 0.77-17.07), in patients with an LDH level greater than the upper limits of normal (p = 0.58; RR 2.43; 95% CI 0.10-56.71), and when more than two metastatic sites were involved (p = 0.19; RR 4.6; 95% CI 0.46-46.51). After relapse, targeted therapy was resumed in 17 patients (7 with BRAFi; 10 with BRAFi + MEKi) with a response rate of 53%. CONCLUSIONS: This real-life study provided long-term data in patients who discontinued targeted therapy after CR. Most patients experienced a relapse in the first year after targeted therapy discontinuation, of whom 50% were in the first 3 months. After targeted therapy resumption, 53% of relapsing patients achieved an objective response. Patients should be followed during the first year after treatment discontinuation. In addition, patients with less than 3 metastatic sites, a baseline LDH level with normal ranges, men, and patients responding rapidly to treatment would be more likely to maintain a CR after treatment discontinuation.