Assessing Biota Accumulation Due to Contamination of Sediments by Storm Water Heavy Metals.

Evaluating sediment recontamination due to storm water discharges is important when evaluating the long-term effectiveness of sediment remediation efforts at reducing biological impacts. The bioaccumulation of the heavy metals zinc, nickel, copper, cadmium, mercury, and lead and the metalloid arsenic in a clam (Macoma nasuta) was studied in surficial sediments before and after storm water inputs from Paleta Creek, California, USA, during wet seasons in 2015 to 2016 and 2016 to 2017. The bioaccumulation was compared with bulk sediment concentrations and porewater concentrations measured by diffusion gradient in thin film devices. Significant reductions in biota accumulation and porewater concentrations were observed in samples collected after storm seasons compared with before storm seasons despite bulk sediment concentrations remaining the same or increasing. This was apparently the result of the deposition of storm water contaminants in low bioavailable forms. The bioaccumulation of all the measured contaminants showed a positive significant correlation with porewater concentrations (p < 0.1, α = 0.1) and weak or no correlations with bulk sediment concentration. In conclusion, observed bulk sediment recontamination due to storm water should not be assumed to lead directly to greater biota accumulation without bioavailability assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2475-2484. © 2020 SETAC.

High prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in a cohort of patients with psoriasis seen in a dermatology practice.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is expected to range from 5 to 40% in individuals with psoriasis. The objective of this study was to quantify the prevalence of PsA in psoriasis patients seen in a dermatology practice and to define their characteristics using the validated Psoriatic Arthritis Screening Questionnaire (PASQ). METHODS: Patients with definite plaque psoriasis (as determined by a dermatologist) completed the self-administered PASQ tool, and patients with a score ≥ 7 or ≥ 9 were assessed by a rheumatologist to ascertain the diagnosis of PsA according to the CASPAR (Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis) criteria. RESULTS: Using a PASQ cutoff of 7, the estimated prevalence (95% CI) of PsA was 40.9% (29.0-52.8%), whereas a prevalence (95% CI) of 36.4% (24.8-48.0%) was estimated when a PASQ cutoff of 9 was used. CONCLUSION: Our estimated prevalence of PsA in psoriasis patients from a population of patients drawn from a dermatology practice is greater than most previous estimates. This finding illustrates the importance of screening for PsA in psoriasis patients as this comorbidity may affect the course of treatment and, if left untreated, may have a profound effect on the disability and quality of life of a large number of psoriasis patients.