RESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an age-specific diabetes prevention program in young adults with prediabetes. METHODS: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The inclusion criteria were age 18 to 29 years and the presence of prediabetes (either impaired fasting glucose of 100-125 mg/dL [5.55-6.94 mmol/L] or A1C of 5.7%-6.4%). Fifteen participants were enrolled in the study. A technology-based lifestyle coaching program focused on diet and physical activity and incorporating a handheld device and digital platforms was developed and tested. Psychosocial factors (health literacy, illness perception, self-efficacy, therapeutic efficacy) based on social cognitive theory, changes in diet and physical activity, and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed at baseline and week 12 after the intervention. A paired-samples t test was performed to examine changes between baseline and postintervention on each psychosocial and physical variable. RESULTS: Participants' (n = 13 completers) mean age was 24.4 ± 2.2 years, 23.1% were male, and 53.8% were African American. Overall, the participants were satisfied with the intervention (mean score, 4.15 on a 5-point, Likert-type scale). Between pre- and posttesting, mean body mass index and mean A1C decreased from 41.0 ± 7.3 kg/m(2) and 6.0 ± 0.5% to 40.1 ± 7.0 kg/m(2) and 5.6 ± 0.5%, respectively, whereas mean fasting glucose did not significantly change (from 92.6 ± 11 to 97.6 ± 14.3 mg/dL [5.14 ± 0.61 to 5.42 ± 0.79 mmol/L]). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention resulted in reduced A1C and a trend toward decreased body mass index in obese sedentary young adults with prediabetes after 12 weeks. Further study through a randomized clinical trial with a longer intervention period is warranted.
Assuntos
Computadores de Mão/estatística & dados numéricos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde/organização & administração , Estado Pré-Diabético , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Adulto , Terapia Comportamental , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicologia , Dieta , Exercício Físico , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Motivação , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Estado Pré-Diabético/epidemiologia , Estado Pré-Diabético/prevenção & controle , Estado Pré-Diabético/psicologia , Medição de Risco , Autocuidado , Autoeficácia , Percepção Social , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To examine relationships among health literacy, self-efficacy, food label use, and dietary quality in young adults aged 18-29. METHODS: Health literacy, self-efficacy, food label use, and dietary quality were assessed. Participants were categorized into low, medium and high health literacy groups based on Newest Vital Sign score. RESULTS: Self-efficacy and health literacy were predictors of food label use, which positively predicted dietary quality. The low health literacy group had significantly lower use of food labels than the high health literacy group. However, there was no significant difference between medium and high health literacy groups. CONCLUSION: Strategies to enhance health literacy, self-efficacy and food label use should be developed to improve dietary quality and health outcomes.
Assuntos
Rotulagem de Alimentos , Preferências Alimentares , Letramento em Saúde , Autoeficácia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine the characteristics of American young adults with increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: Participants ages 18 to 29, overweight/obese, and sedentary were recruited from the metro Atlanta area in the United States. Variables included demographics, anthropometric and clinical variables, and physical activity. Of 107 participants, 3 participants had undiagnosed diabetes and 1 participant did not complete the modifiable activity questionnaire. Thus, 103 young adults remained for the final data analysis. RESULTS: Most participants were females and African Americans. About 30% of participants had prediabetes, either impaired fasting glucose, an A1C of 5.7% to 6.4%, or both. Overall, prediabetes young adults were heavier and did less physical activity than Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) trial participants. In addition, these young adults had a higher prevalence of parental T2D history and lower level of physical activity compared to young adults with normoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity and parent T2D history are key risk factors for identifying young adults with prediabetes. Multilevel strategies are necessary to raise awareness of diabetes risk and to prevent T2D in young adults.