Social and Individual Factors Associated with Eating Disorders in Young Athletes: Effects on Concentration and Fatigue.

Eating disorders are a growing societal problem, especially among young people. This study aims to determine the individual and social factors that support and perpetuate the risk of eating disorders (ED) and their possible consequences on an individual's athletic and academic performances. The sample consisted of 395 athletes between 12 and 16 years of age (M = 14.07; SD = 1.35), of whom 142 (35.9%) were female, and 253 (64.1%) were male. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on sociodemographic data, body image, use of social networks, social relationships, sports practice, risk of developing ED, and academic and sports performance. In the resulting analysis, an initial cross-tabulation was carried out to observe the body distortion of the respondents as a function of BMI, followed by a linear regression to analyze the factors influencing the risk of suffering from ED. In addition, correlations were made to determine the relationship between the risk of manifesting ED and academic and sports performance. The main results show that 77.7% of the young athletes present a risk of ED (M = 13.3; DT = 3.33) due to a high body image distortion, which becomes the determining factor. In addition, relationships with family and friends have a significant influence on this. On the other hand, behaviors related with eating disorders affect concentration (r = -0.122; p = 0.01) and fatigue (r = -0.376; p < 0.01). For all these reasons, generating and promoting prevention and early detection guidelines during adolescence is necessary.

Perception of nursing students about the implementation of GREENS© methodology in nursing studies.

BACKGROUND: The Gymkhana Room for Education and Evaluation in Nursing Studies (GREENS©) is a pedagogical model that can be used as a learning and assessment method in nursing training workshops. This model combines the advantages of gamification, the flipped classroom and the use of low-fidelity clinical simulation, also including self-reflection and peer evaluation of the situations experienced. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the students' perception of the implementation of GREENS© as a learning and assessment tool in an academic course at the University of Almeria. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTINGS: Academic year 2018/2019, at the University of Almeria (UAL), Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 77 students enrolled in their 2nd year of the Nursing Degree who attended the "Health Promotion and Safety" class. METHODS: After completing the GREENS© activity, the perception and anxiety of students were analyzed through an online ad hoc questionnaire composed of 17 questions. Data were collected in January 2019. RESULTS: All of the questions scored above 4 out of a maximum of 5 on a Likert scale. For all the questions, >50% of the students were in total agreement with the questions answered, showing a high acceptance of the GREENS© methodology implementation. The students reported that their anxiety decreased significantly, with a score of 4.7 points on average (95% CI: 4.16 to 5.33, p < 0.001), after knowing that the assessment would be through a gamification tool, not an oral one. More than 60% of the students answered "agree" or "strongly agree" with the idea that GREENS© is useful for improving motivation, teamwork, learning, fun and knowledge assessment. CONCLUSIONS: The use of GREENS© has generated a high satisfaction and motivation of the students in their learning process, and as an assessment tool, it created a lower degree of anxiety as compared to an oral examination.

Original Research: How Magnet Hospital Status Affects Nurses, Patients, and Organizations: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: As the number of Magnet hospitals continues to rise in the United States and abroad, the body of literature regarding various outcomes at Magnet hospitals is increasing also. A systematic review examining and compiling the most recent evidence would be invaluable to those seeking to pursue Magnet recognition for their facility. We conducted this systematic review to investigate how Magnet hospital status affects outcomes for nursing professionals, patients, and health care organizations. METHODS: In January 2018, the databases CINAHL, ProQuest, PubMed, and La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus were searched for relevant studies. The reference lists of selected articles were also examined to identify additional studies. The PRISMA statement was followed, and established methods for systematic review were used to produce a narrative summary. The quality of the reviewed studies was assessed according to the 22-item Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for observational studies. RESULTS: Of the 163 studies identified, 21 met the eligibility criteria and are included in this review. On the whole, lower rates of nursing shortages, burnout, job dissatisfaction, and turnover were observed at Magnet hospitals compared with non-Magnet hospitals. The rates of patient mortality, falls, hospital-acquired infections, and pressure ulcers were also lower. Nursing work environments were found to be safer and were associated with a higher quality of care in Magnet hospitals than in non-Magnet hospitals, and Magnet hospitals were found to provide more cost-effective care. CONCLUSION: This review provides nursing managers and administrators with the most recent evidence demonstrating that Magnet hospitals have better nursing work environments and are associated with better outcomes for nurses, patients, and organizations than non-Magnet hospitals. This evidence should inform future decision-making with regard to pursuing Magnet designation.

Evaluation of the effect of relaxation therapy in patients with arterial hypertension. / Evaluación del efecto de la terapia de relajación en pacientes con hipertensión arterial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the application of a relaxation therapy reduces the blood pressure in hypertensive patients and whether there is improvement in several parameters which can influence blood pressure such as anxiety, quality of life and sleep. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study (measures before-after) was performed in 25 Primary Care patients with hypertension poorly controlled by pharmacological treatment. The intervention consisted of relaxation therapy composed of 3techniques: passive relaxation of Schwartz-Haynes, diaphragmatic breathing and imaginary visualization. A total of 14 group sessions of 30min each (2/week) were conducted. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were taken at the beginning and end of the relaxation programme implemented and after each of the programme sessions. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality, Quality of Life Hypertension, State-Trait Anxiety and Perceived Stress questionnaires were used to measure psychosocial parameters. RESULTS: After intervention, a reduction in systolic blood pressure of 20mmHg (p<.001) and of 8mmHg (p<.001) in diastolic blood pressure was observed. Regarding other factors, sleep quality (p<.001), quality of life (p<.001) and state anxiety (p=.004) were significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: Relaxation therapy had positive effects in improving blood pressure parameters, as well as the other factors evaluated. In our opinion, such strategies should be evaluated more thoroughly to consider their inclusion in Primary Care.

Servicios de salud e inmigración en Andalucía (España): una mirada desde dentro / Health services and immigration in Andalusia (Spain): a view from inside

El objetivo de este artículo es conocer la visión, tanto de los usuarios como de los profesionales, sobre determinados aspectos de la gestión del Sistema Nacional Español de Salud (SNS), especialmente, en la atención a la diversidad. Para ello, se analiza el modelo de acceso al sistema, los recursos empleados en la atención y la demanda sanitaria que realizan los inmigrados asentados en Andalucía (España). Los datos se han obtenido a partir de la realización de 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas a inmigrantes y otras 7 a profesionales del sistema andaluz de salud. Además, el trabajo de campo está complementado por una observación directa, durante un año, del uso de los servicios públicos de salud. Los resultados muestran, primero, que a pesar de que los inmigrantes tienen un acceso universal a la atención sanitaria, deben sortear una serie de barreras administrativas, lingüísticas y culturales que impiden un uso totalmente satisfactorio. Límites que son eludidos, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, a través de las redes sociales. Segundo, los recursos utilizados no se han adaptado a las necesidades específicas de la población inmigrada, como son la acumulación del bien salud, valoración subjetiva sobre bien salud y las agresiones o deterioros que sufre el bien salud. Y, tercero, el uso que hacen los inmigrados del sistema de salud no difiere del realizado por los autóctonos tanto en la frecuencia, como en la patología.