RESUMO
Quantifying creatinine (Cn) in biological fluids is crucial for clinically assessing renal insufficiency, thyroid irregularities, and muscle damage. Therefore, it is crucial for human health to have a simple, quick, and accurate Cn analysis technique. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a 3D ratiometric dual-metal-organic framework, namely, the amino-MIL-53@Mo/ZIF-8 and rhodamie B heterostructure, using an internal strategy for sustained growth. The dual-MOF functions as an adsorbent and preconcentrates Cn. The pH, reaction time, and volume ratio of amino-MIL-53@Mo/ZIF-8/rhodamie B were optimized using the one-variable-at-a-time technique in this study. The quantitative study of the Cn concentration for this RF biosensor was obtained under ideal conditions (R2 = 0.9962, n = 3), encompassing the linear range of 0.35-11.1 µM. The detection and quantitation limits were 0.18 and 0.54 nM, respectively. Both intra- and interday reproducibility showed high repeatability of the RF biosensor, UV-vis, and ZETA potential studies, and the Stern-Volmer relationship was used to clarify the fluorescence quenching process. These superior sensing capabilities and the benefits of simple manufacturing, acceptable stability, and practicality make the RF biosensor intriguing for ultrasensitive Cn detection in practical applications.
Assuntos
Corantes Fluorescentes , Rodaminas , Humanos , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Creatinina , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Photonic integrated circuits have the potential to pervade into multiple applications traditionally limited to bulk optics. Of particular interest for new applications are ferroelectrics such as Lithium Niobate, which exhibit a large Pockels effect, but are difficult to process via dry etching. Here we demonstrate that diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a superior material for the manufacturing of photonic integrated circuits based on ferroelectrics, specifically LiNbO3. Using DLC as a hard mask, we demonstrate the fabrication of deeply etched, tightly confining, low loss waveguides with losses as low as 4 dB/m. In contrast to widely employed ridge waveguides, this approach benefits from a more than one order of magnitude higher area integration density while maintaining efficient electro-optical modulation, low loss, and offering a route for efficient optical fiber interfaces. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a III-V/LiNbO3 based laser with sub-kHz intrinsic linewidth and tuning rate of 0.7 PHz/s with excellent linearity and CMOS-compatible driving voltage. We also demonstrated a MZM modulator with a 1.73 cm length and a halfwave voltage of 1.94 V.
RESUMO
Stressed nanomechanical resonators are known to have exceptionally high quality factors ( Q) due to the dilution of intrinsic dissipation by stress. Typically, the amount of dissipation dilution and thus the resonator Q is limited by the high mode curvature region near the clamps. Here we study the effect of clamp geometry on the Q of nanobeams made of high-stress Si3N4. We find that tapering the beam near the clamps, thus locally increasing the stress, leads to an increased Q of MHz-frequency low order modes due to enhanced dissipation dilution. Contrary to recent studies of tethered-membrane resonators, we find that widening the clamps leads to a decreased Q despite increased stress in the beam bulk. The tapered-clamping approach has practical advantages compared to the recently developed "soft-clamping" technique, as it enhances the Q of the fundamental mode and can be implemented without increasing the device size.