Afghan children and adolescents: The burden of poor mental health in contexts of widespread poverty, social inequality and persistent violence.

In Afghanistan, the burden of poor mental health arises in contexts of widespread poverty, social inequality, and persistent violence. Generations of Afghans were born during the conflict, and some never knew peace. Children make up more than half (57%) of the population in need of emergency humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan. Recent assessments indicate that more than a third of children have been exposed to psychological distress due to the loss of family and community members and the constant risk of death and injury. Children and teens are struggling with anxieties and fears, desperately in need of mental health support. The lack of social support manifested itself in various forms of suffering in both children and adolescents. The quality of the environment where children and adolescents grow up shapes their well-being and development.

"Between the cross and the sword": Brazilian children face an influenza epidemic while still dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Influenza activity remained at inter-seasonal levels; however, influenza A(H3N2) detections continue to increase in Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Most of the activity and rising trend of A(H3N2) detections are recorded in Brazil. A bulletin issued by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) reported significant presence of the influenza A virus, both in children and in the adult population, among cases of SARS-Cov-2.This situation is worrying, as vaccination campaigns were hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Characterization of Adolescent Pregnancy and Legal Abortion in Situations Involving Incest or Sexual Violence by an Unknown Aggressor.

Background and Objectives: In pregnancies resulting from incest, the adolescent maintains close family and emotional relations with the aggressor, different from what occurs when pregnancy results from sexual violence by strangers. Evidence indicates that this type of relationship with the aggressor may interfere in the dynamics of such violence and the adolescent's access to health services. Materials and Methods: The objective of this research was to describe and correlate aspects associated with pregnancy when resulting from rape of adolescents in situations of incest; rape when perpetrated by an unknown aggressor and an abortion as allowed by law was sought. Method: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study of adolescents treated at the Pérola Byington Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, bringing an allegation of pregnancy, resulting from sexual violence and a request for abortion as allowed by law. A total of 311 adolescents, being 134 in the "pregnancy from incest group", and 174 in the group "pregnancies resulting from rape by a stranger" were considered under the study variables; relationships were investigated using the chi-squared test and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The study included 137 cases (44.1%) of pregnancy resulting from incest, and 174 cases (55.9%) of pregnancy from rape by a stranger. In cases of incest, a declaration of religion (92.0%) was significantly more frequent, and the adolescents were approached in spaces considered safe or private (92.7%); the aggressor taking advantage of the adolescent's legal condition of vulnerability as a function of age (83.3%). Cases of incest presented a lower median adolescent age and greater gestational development, with gestations being ≥ 13 weeks prevailing. Conclusion: Cases of pregnancy by incest presented indicators suggesting both proximity and relationship with the aggressor, and pregnancy at a very early age, which postponed the adolescent's procurement of health service, and interfered negatively with abortion assistance as allowed by law.

Quality of life of the woman carrier of endometriosis: systematized review / Qualidade de vida da mulher portadora de endometriose: revisão sistematizada

Endometriosis is a progressive and chronic disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the womb location. The main symptoms are dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea and infertility, and affects mainly women in fertile age. It causes numerous problems in various social, psychological and emotional levels. Its incidence ranges from 5 to 15% in the female population of reproductive age. The aim of the study is to describe the women's quality of life with endometriosis and related factors. It is about a systematized review study conducted in electronic databases SciELO and PubMed. The descriptors used were “endometriosis” and “quality of life”, using the advanced search strategy with the Boolean AND. The research period was from March to October 2015. The inclusion criteria were extended to articles published in the last five years in Portuguese and English. The exclusion criteria involved non-original studies, case series, commentaries and editorials. The search resulted in 18 articles divided into three categories. The results indicate that women with endometriosis have quality of life affected, either in the physical, social or mental level. Understanding family members and partner represents an improvement in this confrontation, being, therefore, a specific intervention to improve the quality of life of women with this disease.

A endometriose é uma doença progressiva e crônica caracterizada pela presença de tecido endometrial em localização extrauterina. Os principais sintomas são dispareunia, dismenorreia e infertilidade, acomete, principalmente, mulheres em idade fértil. Acarreta inúmeros problemas nos diversos âmbitos social, psicológico e emocional. Sua incidência varia de 5 a 15% na população feminina em idade reprodutiva. O objetivo do estudo é descrever a qualidade de vida da mulher com endometriose e os fatores relacionados. Trata-se de estudo de revisão sistematizada feito nas bases de dados eletrônicas SciELO e PubMed. Os descritores usados foram “endometriosis” e “quality of life”, com a estratégia de busca avançada com o boleano AND. O período de pesquisa foi de março a outubro de 2015. Os critérios de inclusão se estenderam a artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos em português e inglês. Os critérios de exclusão envolveram estudos não originais, série de casos, comentários e editoriais. A busca resultou em 18 artigos divididos em três categorias. Os resultados indicam que mulheres com endometriose têm qualidade de vida afetada, seja no bem-estar físico, social e mental. A compreensão dos parentes e do parceiro representa melhoria nesse enfrentamento. É, portanto, uma intervenção especifica para melhoria da qualidade de vida nas mulheres portadoras dessa doença.

Violence against women during pregnancy: sistematized revision / Violência contra a mulher durante a gravidez: revisão sistematizada

Violence against women is widely recognized as a serious public health problem. The pregnancy is a risk factor for increasing the violence, especially when it is related to socio-economic conditions. The objective of this work is to ascertain the relation between violence against women during pregnancy in developed countries and in developing countries. It was performed a systematized review. It was proceeded a search of the literature through on line databases MEDLINE and SciELO in December 2013, only with articles published between January 1, 2003 and November 30, 2013. The following descriptors were used for searching on the database “domestic violence” (Medical Subject Headings [MeSH]); “violence against women”(Health Sciences Descriptors [DeCS]); and “pregnancy” (Keyword). The Search strategies resulted in 71 studies. After analysis of the titles and abstracts of articles found for eligibility based on inclusion criteria, 43 articles were deleted and 28 articles were included in the final sample. The study revealed the predominance of researches developed about violence against women during pregnancy in developing countries, strengthening the strong socio-economic character related to victims and aggressors.

A violência contra a mulher é amplamente reconhecida como grave problema de saúde pública a gestação se configura em um incremento ao risco de violência, especialmente quando relacionada a condições sócio- econômicas. O objetivo desse trabalho é verificar a relação entre a violência contra a mulher na gestação em países desenvolvidos e países em com desenvolvimento. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática qualitativa. Procedeu-se busca na literatura através de bases de dados on line MEDLINE e SicELO em dezembro de 2013, limitando-se a artigos publicados entre 1 de janeiro de 2003 e 30 de novembro de 2013. Utilizaram-se os seguintes descritores para a busca na base “domestic violence” (descritor Medical Subject Headings [MeSH]); “violence against women” (descritor em Ciênciasda Saúde [DeCS]); e “gravidez” (palavra-chave). As estratégias de buscas resultaram em 71 estudos. Após análise dos títulos e dos resumos dos artigos encontrados para elegibilidade com base nos critérios de inclusão, 43 artigos foram excluídos e 28 artigos foram incluídos na amostra final. O estudo revelou a predominância de pesquisas desenvolvidas acerca da violência contra a mulher na gestação em países em desenvolvimento, fortalecendo o forte caráter sócio-econômico relacionado às vítimas e aos agressores.

Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em mulheres que sofrem crimes sexuais / Sexually transmitted diseases in women who suffer sexual crimes

A violência sexual pode se associar com traumas físicos, letalidade, transtornos sexuais, gravidez indesejada, consequências psicológicas e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST).As DST apresentam alta prevalência e incidência em mulheres que sofrem violência sexual. Sua ocorrência depende do tipo e da frequência das exposições sexuais, de lesões genitaisconcomitantes, idade e suscetibilidade da vítima, condição da membrana himenal, presença de DST inflamatória ou úlcera prévia e do status sorológico ou da carga viral do agressor.Crimes sexuais atingem particularmente mulheres jovens e vulneráveis, com agravos para a saúde reprodutiva que incluem maior risco de infertilidade e de câncer anogenital. Este artigo apresenta revisão narrativa da literatura, com aspectos atuais sobre a incidênciae a prevalência dos diferentes agentes etiológicos das DST, suas repercussões para a saúde reprodutiva e medidas de profilaxia medicamentosa após a exposição sexual consumada.

Sexual violence can be associated with physical trauma, lethality, sexual disorders, unwanted pregnancy, psychological consequences and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). TheSTD feature high prevalence and incidence in women who suffer sexual violence. Its occurrence depends on the type and frequency of sexual exposures, injuries concomitant genital, age and the victim’s susceptibility, condition of himenal membrane, presence of inflammatory STD or pelvic ulcer, and serological or viral load status of the perpetrator. Sex crimes reach particularly vulnerable young women, with damages for reproductive health including increased risk of infertility and anogenital cancer. This article presents the narrative literature review, with current aspects on the incidence and prevalence of different etiological agents of the STD, repercussions for reproductive health, and measures of drug prophylaxis after sexual exposure is consummated.