Deep venous thrombosis post mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischaemic stroke.

A woman in her 20s presented with neck pain, slurred speech and left-sided weakness. She successfully underwent mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for total occlusion of the basilar artery and made full neurological recovery. Initial ultrasound Doppler of legs (USDL) did not show any deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, 2 days later, a repeat USDL revealed an extensive proximal DVT in the right common femoral vein. CT scan confirmed a haematoma arising from the femoral access site causing compression of the adjacent common femoral vein. This may have initiated DVT formation or exacerbated extension of a previously undetected DVT. Echocardiogram revealed a patent foramen ovale. As the patient was asymptomatic, delayed or missed diagnosis of DVT would have put her at risk of life-threatening pulmonary embolism or further strokes. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion of DVT as a direct procedural complication from MT so treatment can be initiated promptly.

Low incidence of hemorrhagic complications both during and after surgical procedures in patients maintained on prasugrel single antiplatelet therapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prasugrel (Pra) is a third-generation thienopyridine that inhibits platelet aggregation via irreversible blockade of P2Y12 receptors. While several published studies have examined the use of Pra and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in coronary and neurovascular stenting procedures, there is only anecdotal evidence regarding the use of Pra as single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) in open surgical procedures. This topic has become important because previous studies have revealed that neurovascular devices with antithrombotic coatings can be implanted using non-invasive procedures in patients maintained on Pra SAPT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who underwent open surgery under Pra SAPT between March 2020 and February 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Adequate platelet inhibition both before and after the procedures was verified in all patients using Multiplate (Roche Diagnostics) and VerifyNow (Accriva) tests. Intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhagic events were recorded based on reviews of the procedure reports and interviews with the surgeons. RESULTS: The study enrolled 21 patients who underwent 23 open surgical procedures while maintained on Pra SAPT. The procedures included one extirpation of a brain arteriovenous malformation, seven extra-intracranial bypass surgeries, four ventriculoperitoneal shunts, one eye enucleation for an intractable orbital infection, two gastrostomies, one bone flap reinsertion after craniectomy, one decompressive craniectomy, one case requiring cranial surgical wound care, one colporrhaphy, one transurethral resection of urinary bladder cancer, two tumor oophorectomy/hysterectomy procedures, and one aneurysm clipping. None of the 23 procedures resulted in excessive intraoperative or postoperative hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: In a small retrospective series of patients who required antiplatelet therapy for neurovascular indications, Pra SAPT resulted in no significant increase in the incidence of perioperative and postoperative hemorrhagic complications.

Preprocedural Imaging : A Review of Different Radiological Factors Affecting the Outcome of Thrombectomy.

BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment (EVT) has strong evidence for its effectiveness in treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, up to half of the patients who undergo EVT still do not have good functional outcomes. Various prethrombectomy radiological factors have been shown to be associated with good clinical outcomes and may be the key to better functional outcomes, reduced complications, and reduced mortality. In this paper, we reviewed the current literature on these imaging parameters so they can be employed to better estimate the probability of procedural success, therefore allowing for more effective preprocedural planning of EVT strategies. We reviewed articles in the literature related to imaging factors which have been shown to be associated with EVT success. The factors which are reviewed in this paper included: anatomical factors such as 1) the type of aortic arch and its characteristics, 2) the characteristics of the thrombus such as length, clot burden, permeability, location, 3) the middle cerebral artery features including the tortuosity and underlying intracranial stenosis, 4) perfusion scans estimating the volume of infarct and the penumbra and 5) the effect of collaterals on the procedure. The prognostic effect of each factor on the successful outcome of EVT is described. The identification of preprocedural thrombectomy imaging factors can help to improve the chances of recanalization, functional outcomes, and mortality. It allows the interventionist to make time-sensitive decisions in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

Thrombectomy using the EmboTrap device: core laboratory-assessed results in 201 consecutive patients in a real-world setting.

BACKGROUND: We studied patients treated with the EmboTrap revascularization device in a prospective registry which is core laboratory evaluated by physicians from external centers. The goal was to determine how the EmboTrap would perform under the everyday conditions of a high-volume stroke center. METHODS: We examined all patients with acute stroke treated with the Embotrap device from October 2013 to March 2017 in our center. Imaging parameters and times were adjudicated by core laboratory personnel blinded to clinical information, treating physician, and clinical outcomes. Clinical evaluation was performed by independent neurologists and entered in a national registry. Evaluated endpoints were: successful revascularization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2b-3) and good clinical outcomes at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2). RESULTS: 201 consecutive patients with a median NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 15 (range 2-30) were included. 170 patients (84.6%) achieved mTICI 2b-3 reperfusion. The median number of attempts was 2 (range 1-10) with 52.8% of the population achieving good functional outcomes (mRS 0-2) at 3 months. On univariate analysis, good functional outcome was associated with the number of attempts, puncture-to-reperfusion time, anterior circulation occlusion, and NIHSS score. On multivariate analysis, pre-treatment NIHSS (OR 0.845 per point, 95% CI 0.793 to 0.908, P<0.001) and puncture-to-reperfusion time (OR 0.9952 per min, 95% CI 0.9914 to 0.9975, P=0.023) were associated with good functional outcomes at 3 months. CONCLUSION: The Embotrap device has a high rate of successful reperfusion. Our core laboratory-audited single-center experience suggests the technical feasibility and safety of the Embotrap for first-line use in a real-world setting.