RESUMO
BACKGROUND: With the advent of HIV, the risk of Tuberculosis (TB) has increased. The trend in the number of cases of TB in Oyo State over the past five years has not been documented. Hence, this study reviewed the number of cases of TB and determined some of its associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on TB surveillance data reported between January 1st 2011 and December 31st 2014. Data were obtained from the integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) of Oyo State Ministry of Health, Nigeria. Number of TB cases, age, local government areas (LGA), month and year of reporting was extracted. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, negative binomial and the Poisson regression models. Model fit was assessed using the AIC and the -2LogL. RESULTS: The incidence of TB was highest in 2013 (23 per 10000 population) in Ibarapa East LGA. The risk of Tuberculosis was 62.8% higher in 2014 (IRR = 1.628; 95%CI = 1.281, 2.068) and also 17% higher in 2012 (IRR = 1.170; 95%CI = 1.010, 1.356). Also, the risk of TB was highest in Ibarapa East LGA (IRR = 2.576; 95%CI = 1.945, 3.412) and lowest in Ogbomoso South LGA (IRR = 0.229; 95%CI = 0.069, 0.764). Adolescents and adults also had higher risk of TB compared to children. CONCLUSION: The frequency of Tuberculosis declined overtime and older adults had a higher risk. The low frequency of TB in the state may be an indication and good evidence of concerted control measures. Efforts should be put in place to further bring down the number of cases especially in the identified hotspots.
RESUMO
Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer among Nigerian men. This study assessed the knowledge, awareness, and screening practices among older men regarding prostate cancer in Oyo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study used a multi-stage sampling technique to select 561 adult males. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. Respondents' median age is 60.0 years. Prostate cancer awareness was high [449 (80.0%)]. The overall mean knowledge of prostate cancer causation, treatment, and prevention was 5.8 (± 3.0) out of a maximum of 16. Only 109 (19.4%) perceived themselves at risk of developing prostate cancer, but only 4.5% have ever been screened. Though knowledge and risk perception of prostate cancer were low, a majority of respondents (81.5%) were willing to be screened for the disease. Community-based prostate cancer educational interventions and provision of screening centers are needed for this group.