[Network Meta-analysis of oral Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional western medicine in treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease].

The effectiveness and safety of various oral Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine in treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD) were evaluated using network Meta-analysis. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trial(RCT) of oral Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine in treatment of GERD from inception to September 2023. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and data analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16 software. Forty-seven RCTs were included, involving 10 oral Chinese patent medicines, including Jianwei Yuyang Tablets, Qizhi Weitong Granules, Dalitong Granules, Liuwei Anxiao Capsules, Kangfuxin Liquid, Weisu Granules, Zhizhu Kuanzhong Capsules, Xiaochaihu Granules, Xiaoyao Pills, and Danweikang Capsules. Network Meta-analysis showed that:(1)in terms of effective rate of clinical symptoms, intervention measure ranked first by SUCRA was Dalitong Granules + conventional western medicine.(2)In terms of endoscopic effective rate, intervention measure ranked first by SUCRA was Liuwei Anxiao Capsules + conventional western medicine.(3)In terms of increasing serum gastrin levels, intervention measure ranked first by SUCRA was Weisu Granules + conventional western medicine.(4)In terms of increasing plasma motilin level, intervention measure ranked first by SUCRA was Xiaoyao Pills + conventional western medicine. In terms of symptom scores, quality of life and recurrence rate, only descriptive analyses were performed due to the heterogeneity of the studies, but all studies reported that oral Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine improved the outcome indicators better than conventional western medicine alone, and the differences were statistically significant. In terms of adverse reactions, there was no significant difference between oral Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional western medicine and conventional western medicine alone. Through cluster analysis, it was found that the comprehensive efficacy of Dalitong Granules + conventional western medicine, Danweikang Capsules + conventional western medicine, Qizhi Weitong Granules + conventional western medicine, Kangfuxin Liquid + conventional western medicine, and Liuwei Anxiao Capsules + conventional western medicine were more prominent, and could improve clinical symptoms and endoscopic inflammation at the same time. The results indicated that oral Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine in treatment of GERD could improve comprehensive efficacy, alleviate clinical symptoms, and regulate gastrointestinal motility. However, due to limitations such as sample size and quality of the included literature, the conclusions need to be further verified by more large-sample, high-quality studies.

Information management of full-cycle inpatient bed reservation for cancer patients under the normalised prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: During the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals became focal points for normalised prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of an inpatient bed reservation system for cancer patients that was developed in the department?s public WeChat account. We also explored its role in improving operational efficiency and nursing quality management, as well as in optimising nursing workforce deployment. METHODS: We utilised WeChat to facilitate communication between cancer patients and health care professionals. Furthermore, we collected data on admissions, discharges, average number of hospitalisation days, bed utilisation rate, and the number of bed days occupied by hospitalised patients through the hospital information system and nurses? working hours and competency levels through the nurse scheduling system. The average nursing hours per patient per day were calculated. Through the inpatient bed reservation system, the number of accepted admissions, denied admissions, and cancelled admissions from the reservation system were collected. The impact of the bed reservation system on the department?s operational efficiency was analysed by comparing the number of hospitalisation discharges before and after reservations, as well as the average hospitalisation and bed utilisation rates. By comparing nurses? working hours per month and average nursing hours per patient per day, the system?s impact on nurses? working hours and nursing quality indicators was analysed. RESULTS: The average hospitalisation length, bed utilisation rate, and nurses? working hours were significantly lower, and the average number of nursing hours per patient per day was significantly higher after the implementation of the reservation system. The full-cycle bed information management model for cancer patients did not affect the number of discharged patients. CONCLUSION: Patients? ability to reserve bed types from home in advance using the department?s official WeChat-based inpatient bed reservation system allowed nurses to prepare for their work ahead of time. This in turn improved the operational efficiency of the department and nursing quality, and it optimised the deployment of the nursing workforce.

Sensitive subcellular scale and real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide by a W-doped Pt microelectrode.

A W-doped Pt modified graphene oxide (Pt-W-GO) electrochemical microelectrode was developed to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in real time at a subcellular scale. Interestingly, results showed that the concentration of H2O2 in the nucleus of HeLa cells was 2.68 times and 0.51 times that in the extracellular membrane and cytoplasm, respectively.

Study on the fourof Pfaffia glomerata based on the metabolomics technology and comparison of Dangshen () in the equivalent substitution prescription.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the four Qiof Pfaffia glomerata (PG) and endow this foreign folk herb with the properties of Chinese medicine, make it Chinese medicinal and localized, and could be used as a Chinese medicine. METHODS: The normal group, six cold herb groups, six hot herb groups, six cool herb groups, PG prescription group (PGPG), and Dangshen (Radix Codonopsis) prescription group (CPPG) were prepared with corresponding concentrations of water extracts, these herb extracts were administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats, and the 12 h urine at night on the 29th day of the SD rats in each group were collected, Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer system was used to analyze them, the best discriminant models for the medicinal properties of cold-hot and cold-cool were set up, so as to the medicinal properties of PGPG, CPPG and PG were predicted. Based on the Progenesis QI, Human Metabolome Database, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, MetaboAnalyst 5.0 database, we enriched metabolic pathway and classification mechanism of medicinal properties of cold-cool Chinese herbs and the molecular mechanism of PG prescription. RESULTS: We established a best model of cold-hot herbal discrimination in the positive ion mode, then the probability that PGPG was predicted cold property was 88.9%. Furthermore, a model of cold-cool herbal discrimination was established, then the probability of PGPG containing the cool property was 77.8%. In addition, typical cold and cool herbs mainly affected nine biomarkers such as tyrosine-proline, (R)-3',7-Dihydroxy-2',4'-dimethoxyisoflavane in rats. The regulation trend of PGPG on markers was basically as same as the cool herbs and mainly involved in regulating the two pathways of cytochrome P450 and purine metabolism. CONCLUSION: The results showed PGPG had a cool medicinal property as same as CPPG, and the regulation trend of PGPG on markers was consistent with cool herbs. Therefore, the medicine properties PG and CP should be consistent, and the Traditional Chinese Medicine property of PG was predicted to be neutral.

Dietary management of gestational diabetes: A review.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common condition in pregnant women that can affect the health of both the mother and the fetus. A healthy diet reduces the risk of GDM, while on the contrary, an unhealthy diet can increase the risk of developing GDM. Dietary interventions remain an important way to control GDM at this time. However, real-life diets are complex and varied, and the effect of these diets on gestational diabetes is unknown. This article summarizes research related to dietary control of GDM. Hopefully, this will help with dietary interventions for people with GDM.

Protective effect of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction on immunoglobulin A nephropathy through toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the nephroprotective mechanism of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (, MHCD) in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) rats. METHODS: To establish the IgAN rat model, the bovine serum albumin, lipopolysaccharide, and carbon tetrachloride 4 method was employed. The rats were then randomly assigned to the control, model, telmisartan, and high-, medium-, and low-dose MHCD groups, and were administered the respective treatments via intragastric administration for 8 weeks. The levels of 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine (CRE), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured in each group. Pathological alterations were detected. IgA deposition was visualized through the use of immunofluorescence staining. The ultrastructure of the kidney was observed using a transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) were examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) P65, were examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The 24-h urine protein level in each group increased significantly at week 6, and worsen from then on. But this process can be reversed by treatments of telmisartan, and high-, medium-, and low-dose of MHCD, and these treatments did not affect renal function. Telmisartan, and high-, and medium-dose of MHCD reduced IgA deposition. Renal histopathology demonstrated the protective effect of high-, medium-, and low-dose of MHCD against kidney injury. The expression levels of MCP-1, IL-6, and TGF-ß1 in kidney tissues were downregulated by low, medium and high doses of MHCD treatment. Additionally, treatment of low, medium and high doses of MHCD decreased the protein and mRNA levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS: MHCD exerted nephroprotective effects on IgAN rats, and MHCD regulated the expressions of key targets in TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating renal inflammation by inhibiting MCP-1, IL-6 expressions, and ameliorating renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-ß1 expression.

Dexamethasone-Loaded Lipid Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Treat Experimental Colitis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization in Inflammatory Sites.

Background: The M1/M2 polarization of intestinal macrophages exerts an essential function in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), which can be adjusted to alleviate the UC symptoms. Purpose: A kind of pH-sensitive lipid calcium phosphate core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), co-loading with dexamethasone (Dex) and its water-soluble salts, dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dsp), was constructed to comprehensively regulate macrophages in different states towards the M2 phenotype to promote anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: Dex and Dsp were loaded in the outer lipid shell and inner lipid calcium phosphate (Cap) core of the LdCaPd NPs, respectively. Then, the morphology of NPs and methods for determining drug concentration were investigated, followed by in vitro protein adsorption, stability, and release tests. Cell experiments evaluated the cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and macrophage polarization induction ability of NPs. The in vivo distribution and anti-inflammatory effect of NPs were evaluated through a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced BALB/c mice ulcerative colitis model. Results: The LdCaPd NPs showed a particle size of about 200 nm and achieved considerable loading amounts of Dex and Dsp. The in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that in the acidic UC microenvironment, the cationic lipid shell of LdCaPd underwent protonated dissociation to release Dex first for creating a microenvironment conducive to M2 polarization. Then, the exposed CaP core was further engulfed by M1 macrophages to release Dsp to restrict the pro-inflammatory cytokines production by inhibiting the activation and function of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) through activating the GC receptor and the NF kappa B inhibitor α (I-κBα), respectively, ultimately reversing the M1 polarization to promote the anti-inflammatory therapy. Conclusion: The LdCaPd NPs accomplished the sequential release of Dex and Dsp to the UC site and the inflammatory M1 macrophages at this site, promoting the regulation of macrophage polarization to accelerate the remission of UC symptoms.

[Degradation of Ciprofloxacin by Activating Peroxymonosulfate with Sludge Biochar].

Sludge biochar(BC), which was prepared by the pyrolysis of waste-activated sludge at 450℃, was applied for peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activation to construct a BC/PMS system for ciprofloxacin(CIP) degradation. The physical and chemical properties of BC were studied using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), an energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), a Zeta potential analyzer, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy(EPR). The effects of BC dosage, PMS dosage, initial pH value, and inorganic anions on CIP removal in the BC/PMS system were investigated. Further, the degradation mechanism of the BC/PMS system was speculated through the free radical quenching experiment and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis. The results showed that the CIP degradation rate was 49.09% at a BC dosage of 1.0 g·L-1, PMS of 3.0 mmol·L-1, CIP of 20 mg·L-1, and pH of 6.0 in 120 min. SO42- and NO3- had no obvious effect on the removal of CIP in the BC/PMS system, whereas HCO3- and Cl-could inhibit CIP degradation significantly. The CIP removal in the BC/PMS system was attributed to the common function of the radical pathway dominated by ·OH and SO4-· and the non-radical pathway dominated by 1O2. The CIP degradation pathway mainly included piperazine ring opening and hydroxylation reaction.

[Network Meta-analysis of oral Chinese patent medicine in adjuvant treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children].

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various oral Chinese patent medicines in the adjuvant treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis(RVGE) in children based on network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) of oral Chinese patent medicine in the adjuvant treatment of RVGE in children was retrieved from the databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, and Web of Science from database inception to October 22, 2022. The quality of the included RCT was evaluated according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the data were analyzed by RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16 software. Sixty-three RCTs were included, with 11 oral Chinese patent medicines involved, including Xingpi Yanger Granules, Weichang'an Pills, Qiuxieling Mixture, Erxieting Granules, and Changyanning Granules/Syrup. The results of the network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of clinical total effective rate, the top 3 optimal interventions were Changyanning Granules/Syrup, Xiaoer Guangpo Zhixie Oral Liquid, and Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the anti-diarrheal time, the top 3 optimal interventions were Shenling Baizhu Granules, Qiuxieling Mixture, and Shuangling Zhixie Oral Liquid combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the antiemetic time, the top 3 optimal interventions were Changyanning Granules/Syrup, Xingpi Yanger Granules, and Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the antipyretic time, the top 3 optimal interventions were Shenling Baizhu Granules, Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules, and Qiuxieling Mixture combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the negative conversion rate of rotavirus, the top 3 optimal interventions were Xingpi Yanger Granules, Erxieting Granules, and Cangling Zhixie Oral Liquid combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing creatine kinase isoenzyme MB(CK-MB) level, the top 3 optimal interventions were Weichang'an Pills, Xingpi Yanger Granules, and Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of adverse reactions, no se-rious adverse reactions were reported in all studies. Oral Chinese patent medicines in the adjuvant treatment of children with RVGE have their own advantages, Specifically, Changyanning Granules/Syrup + conventional western medicine focuses on improving the clinical total effective rate and shortening the antiemetic time, Shenling Baizhu Granules + conventional western medicine on shortening the anti-diarrheal time and antipyretic time, Xingpi Yanger Granules + conventional western medicine on improving the negative conversion rate of rotavirus, and Weichang'an Pills + conventional western medicine on reducing the CK-MB level. Limited by the quantity and quality of literature included in this study, the results need to be verified by high-quality RCT with a larger sample size.

Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles Enhance the Therapeutic Effect of Dexamethasone on Experimental Ulcerative Colitis by the Local Administration as an Enema.

Background: As the first-line drug to treat ulcerative colitis (UC), long-term use of glucocorticoids (GCs) produces severe toxic and side effects. Local administration as enema can increase the local GCs concentrations and reduce systemic exposure to high oral doses by directly delivering GCs to the inflammation site in the distal colorectum. However, UC patients are often accompanied by diarrhea, leading to the short colonic residence time of GCs and failure to exert their function fully. Purpose: A kind of mucoadhesive nanoparticles (NPs) loading different dexamethasone derivatives (DDs) were developed, which could attach to the positively charged inflammatory colonic mucosa through electrostatic adsorption after administered by enema, thereby improving the local concentration and achieving effective targeted therapy for UC. Methods: Two DDs, dexamethasone hemisuccinate and dexamethasone phosphate, were synthesized. In NPs preparation, The core PEI-DDs NPs were built by the electrostatic adsorption of DDs and the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI). Then, the natural polyanionic polysaccharide sodium alginate (SA) was electronically coated around NPs to construct the final SA-PEI-DDs NPs, followed by the in vitro stability and release tests, in vitro and in vivo colonic mucosal adhesion tests. In the in vivo anti-UC test, the experimental colitis mice were induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. The body weight and disease activity index changes were measured, and the myeloperoxidase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were also investigated to evaluate the therapeutic effect of NPs. Results: The structures of two DDs were demonstrated by 1H-NMR and MS. Both NPs were negatively charged and achieved high loading efficiency of DDs, while their particle sizes were significantly different. NPs showed good stability and sustained release properties in the simulated colonic environment. Moreover, the negative charge on the of NPs surface made them easier to adhere to the positively charged inflammatory colonic mucosa, thereby enhancing the enrichment and retention of DDS in the colitis site. Furthermore, the NPs exhibited better therapeutic effects than free Dex on the experimental colitis mice induced by TNBS through the enema rectal. Conclusion: These results indicated the mucoadhesive NPs as a kind of novel nano-enema showed great potential to achieve efficient treatment on UC.

Notch signaling pathway-based classification of bladder cancer in relation to tumor immune infiltration.

Introduction: The role of the Notch signaling pathway in the development of various tumors has received increasing attention, but the relationship between the Notch signaling pathway and the prognosis of bladder cancer has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and risk evaluation value of Notch signaling pathway-related genes (NRGs) in bladder cancer. Material and methods: The list of genes related to the Notch signaling pathway was obtained from the molecular signature database. The bladder cancer dataset was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cox regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis were used to construct the characteristics for predicting the overall survival of patients with bladder cancer. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate the infiltration of peripheral immune cells in different risk subgroups. Results: NRG expression was remarkably dysregulated in bladder cancer. Next, bladder cancer was classified into two subtypes (C1 and C2) based on NRG expression levels. The two subtypes had a significant difference in prognosis and were closely related to clinical characteristics. Further analysis showed that immune cell infiltration and immune scores were also significantly different between the two subtypes. Conclusions: Notch signaling pathway-based bladder cancer typing has different prognoses and may be related to tumor immunity. NRGs can be identified for risk evaluation and help improve clinical decision-making.

[Effects of BET Bromodomain Inhibitor JQ1 on Double-Expressor Lymphoma Cell Lines and Its Mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and mechanism of bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor JQ1 on the double-expressor lymphoma (DEL) cell lines. METHODS: Protein expressions of cMyc and BCL-2 in 3 lymphoma cell lines were checked by Western blot so as to identify DEL cell lines. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effects of JQ1 on anti-proliferation in the DEL cell lines. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to measure the protein and mRNA expressions of cMyc, BCL-2 and BCL-6 in DEL cell lines which treated by JQ1. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of JQ1 on cell apoptosis. RESULTS: Based on the expressions of cMyc and BCL-2, the SU-DHL6 and OCILY3 cell lines were confirmed as DEL cell lines. CCK-8 assay showed that the proliferation of DEL cell lines was inhibited by JQ1, which was similar to non-DEL cell lines and mainly regulated the expression of cMyc and BCL-6 but not BCL-2. JQ1 had no effects on apoptosis in the DEL cell lines. CONCLUSION: BET inhibitor JQ1 has anti-tumor effect in the DEL cell lines, thus providing evidence for the therapeutic potential of BET inhibitor JQ1.

Application of trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis based on an optical surgical navigation system to correct midfacial dysplasia.

Midfacial hypoplasia is a common maxillofacial deformity in patients with cleft lip and palate, which requires surgical treatment. However, trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis (TSDO) remains some disadvantages, including difficulty in accurate location of surgical path, prolonged operation time, and excess surgical bleeding. This study aimed to evaluate the application of an optical surgical navigation system (OSNS) developed for TSDO. Six consecutive patients with midfacial hypoplasia who required TSDO were included in the study. Preoperatively, a head computed tomography was performed, and the data were imported into Mimics software (version: 20.0.0.691, Materialise Inc, Belgium) to design a three-dimensional simulation of the surgical approach. TSDO was performed with the use of OSNS. The accuracy and results of the procedure were initially evaluated by comparing the preoperative and postoperative periods. The patients included five boys and one girl, with an average age of 10 years; five with postoperative cleft lip and palate, and one without combined cleft lip and palate. The surgical procedure was successful, with a postoperative follow-up of 4-5 months. All patients demonstrated good treatment results without complications. In conclusioin, OSNS-assisted TSDO can noninvasively correct midfacial dysplasia, improve surgical precision, reduce bleeding and obtain better clinical results. OSNS can guide the TSDO safely and effectively.

Vitamin D status in irritable bowel syndrome and the impact of supplementation on symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Background: latest studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is related to the occurrence of irritable bowel disease (IBS), and taking vitamin D as a supplement can alleviate the symptoms of irritable bowel disease. However, clinical treatment of irritable bowel disease with vitamin D is controversial. Objective: we conducted a meta-analysis of all clinical trials to evaluate the associations between vitamin D and irritable bowel disease. Methods: we screened all randomized controlled trials that were published before December 20, 2021 from the following databases: Medline, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Cochrane Central, and Clinical Trial. We used RevMan 5.4.1 and Stata 16.1 to analyze the relevant data. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) was used to report effect sizes. Serum vitamin D concentration, risk of vitamin D deficiency among patients with IBS, Symptom Severity Score (SSS), and Quality of Life (QoL) score are the main endpoint outcomes in this study. Results: data from twelve clinical trials with 1331 IBS patients were included. Patients with IBS have relatively low vitamin D levels in their serum. Vitamin D supplementation improves the Quality of Life (QoL) score but has no significant effect on the Symptom Severity Score (SSS). Conclusions: vitamin D deficiency is associated with the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome. Serum vitamin D levels decreased in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, and vitamin D supplementation could improve patient quality of life.

Introducción: Antecedentes: los últimos estudios han demostrado que la deficiencia de vitamina D está relacionada con la aparición de la enfermedad del intestino irritable (SII) y que tomar vitamina D como suplemento puede aliviar los síntomas de la enfermedad del intestino irritable. Sin embargo, el tratamiento clínico de la enfermedad del intestino irritable con vitamina D es controvertido. Objetivo: se realizó un metanálisis de todos los ensayos clínicos para evaluar las asociaciones entre la vitamina D y la enfermedad del intestino irritable. Métodos: se examinaron todos los ensayos controlados aleatorios que se publicaron antes del 20 de diciembre de 2021 en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Cochrane Central y Clinical Trial. Se utilizaron RevMan 5.4.1 y Stata 16.1 para analizar los datos relevantes. Se utilizó la diferencia de medias estandarizada (DME) con intervalo de confianza del 95 % (IC 95 %) para presentar los tamaños del efecto. La concentración sérica de vitamina D, el riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina D entre los pacientes con SII, la puntuación de gravedad de los síntomas (SSS) y la puntuación de calidad de vida (CdV) son los principales criterios de valoración de este estudio. Resultados: se incluyeron datos de doce ensayos clínicos en 1331 pacientes con SII. los pacientes con SII tienen niveles relativamente bajos de vitamina D en el suero. La suplementación con vitamina D mejora la puntuación de calidad de vida (CdV), pero no tiene un efecto significativo en la puntuación de gravedad de los síntomas (SSS). Conclusiones: la deficiencia de vitamina D se asocia con la patogénesis del síndrome del intestino irritable. Los niveles séricos de vitamina D disminuyeron en pacientes con síndrome del intestino irritable, y la suplementación con vitamina D podría mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

Optimal scale combination selection for inconsistent multi-scale decision tables.

Hierarchical structured data are very common for data mining and other tasks in real-life world. How to select the optimal scale combination from a multi-scale decision table is critical for subsequent tasks. At present, the models for calculating the optimal scale combination mainly include lattice model, complement model and stepwise optimal scale selection model, which are mainly based on consistent multi-scale decision tables. The optimal scale selection model for inconsistent multi-scale decision tables has not been given. Based on this, firstly, this paper introduces the concept of complement and lattice model proposed by Li and Hu. Secondly, based on the concept of positive region consistency of inconsistent multi-scale decision tables, the paper proposes complement model and lattice model based on positive region consistent and gives the algorithm. Finally, some numerical experiments are employed to verify that the model has the same properties in processing inconsistent multi-scale decision tables as the complement model and lattice model in processing consistent multi-scale decision tables. And for the consistent multi-scale decision table, the same results can be obtained by using the model based on positive region consistent. However, the lattice model based on positive region consistent is more time-consuming and costly. The model proposed in this paper provides a new theoretical method for the optimal scale combination selection of the inconsistent multi-scale decision table.

Synthesis of Axially Chiral N-Arylindoles via Atroposelective Cyclization of Ynamides Catalyzed by Chiral Brønsted Acids.

In recent years, asymmetric catalysis of ynamides has attracted much attention, but these reactions mostly constructed central chirality, except for a few examples on the synthesis of axially chiral compounds which exclusively relied on noble-metal catalysis. Herein, a facile access to axially chiral N-heterocycles enabled by chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed 5-endo-dig cyclization of ynamides is disclosed, which represents the first metal-free protocol for the construction of axially chiral compounds from ynamides. This method allows the practical and atom-economical synthesis of valuable N-arylindoles in excellent yields with generally excellent enantioselectivities. Moreover, organocatalysts and ligands based on such axially chiral N-arylindole skeletons are demonstrated to be applicable to asymmetric catalysis.

Rapid Identification of Characteristic Chemical Constituents of Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Panax japonicus Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.

Saponins are the main active components in Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (PG), Panax quinquefolius L. (PQ), and Panax japonicus C. A. Mey. (PJ), which belong to the genus Panax in the Araliaceae family. Because the chemical components in the three species are similar, they are often mixed and misused in functional foods and pharmaceuticals applications. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a method to quickly distinguish among PG, PQ, and PJ. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was combined with data postprocessing to identify the main characteristic fragments (CFs) and the related neutral losses (NLs) of protopanaxadiol (PPD), protopanaxatriol (PPT), oleanolic acid (OLE), and ocotillol- (OCO-) type saponins. By comparing the mass spectral data, it was possible to rapidly classify and identify saponins in PG, PQ, and PJ. A total of twenty-three chemical components were identified in the PG samples, twenty-three components were identified in the PQ samples, and twenty-seven components were identified in the PJ samples. Among them, OCO-type saponins were characteristic of PQ and PJ. Ginsenoside Rf, which was absent from PQ, allowed for differentiation between PQ and PJ. The CFs and NLs in the mass spectra of the characteristic components of PG, PQ, and PJ allowed for the rapid classification and identification of these species. Additionally, these results provide technical support for the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine and for constructing a scientific regulatory system.

A proof of concept for neutralizing antibody-guided vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2.

Mutations and transient conformational movements of the receptor binding domain (RBD) that make neutralizing epitopes momentarily unavailable present immune escape routes for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To mitigate viral escape, we developed a cocktail of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) targeting epitopes located on different domains of spike (S) protein. Screening of a library of monoclonal antibodies generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of COVID-19 convalescent patients yielded potent NAbs, targeting the N-terminal domain (NTD) and RBD domain of S, effective at nM concentrations. Remarkably, a combination of RBD-targeting NAbs and NTD-binding NAbs, FC05, enhanced the neutralization potency in cell-based assays and an animal model. Results of competitive surface plasmon resonance assays and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of antigen-binding fragments bound to S unveil determinants of immunogenicity. Combinations of immunogens, identified in the NTD and RBD of S, when immunized in rabbits and macaques, elicited potent protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. More importantly, two immunizations of this combination of NTD and RBD immunogens provided complete protection in macaques against a SARS-CoV-2 challenge, without observable antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. These results provide a proof of concept for neutralization-based immunogen design targeting SARS-CoV-2 NTD and RBD.

Orbital coupling of hetero-diatomic nickel-iron site for bifunctional electrocatalysis of CO2 reduction and oxygen evolution.

While inheriting the exceptional merits of single atom catalysts, diatomic site catalysts (DASCs) utilize two adjacent atomic metal species for their complementary functionalities and synergistic actions. Herein, a DASC consisting of nickel-iron hetero-diatomic pairs anchored on nitrogen-doped graphene is synthesized. It exhibits extraordinary electrocatalytic activities and stability for both CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Furthermore, the rechargeable Zn-CO2 battery equipped with such bifunctional catalyst shows high Faradaic efficiency and outstanding rechargeability. The in-depth experimental and theoretical analyses reveal the orbital coupling between the catalytic iron center and the adjacent nickel atom, which leads to alteration in orbital energy level, unique electronic states, higher oxidation state of iron, and weakened binding strength to the reaction intermediates, thus boosted CO2RR and OER performance. This work provides critical insights to rational design, working mechanism, and application of hetero-DASCs.

Combining application of wavelet analysis and genetic algorithm in wind tunnel simulation of unidirectional natural wind field near a sand ground surface.

This study proposes a method for the approximate simulation of field gust in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel driven by an axial fan. Wavelet analysis and genetic algorithm have been adopted to convert actual field gust data into a series of simplified and smooth control signals. One frequency converter is used to receive the signals via a programmable logic controller and change the fan speed correspondingly. Results show that the low-frequency energetic part of field gust on top of a saltation layer has been almost reproduced in the wind tunnel with energy fluctuations ±3.26% from the mean compared with the field data in terms of energy. The appropriate filter frequency for field gust velocity history is 1/32 Hz. A unidirectional natural wind field near a sand bed surface can be approximately simulated in the tunnel by adjusting carefully the roughness element arrangement. The time-averaged velocity profile of the simulated wind, which satisfies the logarithmic law, is nearly equivalent to the steady flow with the same average velocity.