Total Pulpotomy Using a Newer Mineral Trioxide Aggregate for Managing Complicated Crown Fractures in Mature Permanent Incisors: A Case Report.

Crown fractures with pulp exposure in mature permanent teeth present a challenging situation that requires immediate attention. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a sealing material after pulpotomy has proven to be a reliable treatment in these cases compared to traditional root canal therapy. This case report emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and careful treatment planning for complicated crown fractures and concussion injuries in a mature permanent incisor of a young child. Total pulpotomy using MTA has proven to be an effective treatment for fractures in young mature incisors with pulp exposure, as evidenced by a one-year follow-up in our case, which showed no discoloration.

A Histopathological Study of Endometrial Biopsy Samples in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common health issue in women, defined as any bleeding pattern that differs in frequency, duration, and amount. Endometrial sampling and its histopathological examination is the first-line test in patients presenting with AUB. The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathological patterns of endometrium in women with AUB and to find the predominant histopathologic pattern in the different age groups of women with AUB. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, from January 2019 to December 2020. Endometrial biopsies of patients with AUB, in whom gestational causes were ruled out, were included in this study. RESULTS: Out of the 160 cases analyzed, the maximum number of biopsies were from the age group of 41-50 years; the majority of patients presented with complaints of menorrhagia. The bleeding pattern was significantly associated with age groups (p=0.00). Of 160 cases, 104 cases were related to functional causes. The association of functional and organic causes with age group was not significant (p=0.67 and p=0.99, respectively). The most common histological pattern was the normal cyclical pattern showing proliferative (56) and secretory phase (30) in 86 cases. Of 42 cases of endometrial hyperplasia, 9 cases had atypical hyperplasia. The endometrial polyp was the other common organic lesion observed. Only two cases of endometrial carcinoma were reported during the present study period. CONCLUSION: Although a regular cyclical pattern is observed commonly, endometrial sampling should be considered in the peri- and post-menopausal age groups wherein the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma is more common.

Extra Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Simulating a Mucocele: A New Location for the Rare Entity.

Angiofibromas are rare, benign, but locally aggressive vascular tumours which account for 0.05-0.5% of all head and neck neoplasms. The common variant of angiofibromas of head and neck region is Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNAF) which is well published in the literature. Incidence of Extranasopharygeal Angiofibromas (ENAF) is relatively rare and most of the published literature favours maxillary sinus as the most common site. We report a rare clinical entity of ENAF involving the upper lip which is first of its kind in the light of literature review owing to its anatomical location. The present article not only complements a new location of angiofibroma (in the upper lip) but also concretely reinforces the inclusion of angiofibromas in the spectrum of differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions pertaining to oral cavity.

Effect of various concentrations of tetracycline hydrochloride demineralization on root dentin surface: A scanning electron microscopic study.

INTRODUCTION: Within the last 20 years root demineralization has attracted attention as a periodontal regenerative technique. Topical tetracycline application has been widely reported for use as a conditioner, to decontaminate the root surface and to promote periodontal regeneration. The purpose of this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study is to evaluate the surface characteristics of demineralized diseased and non-diseased dentine root surfaces using different concentrations of tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC-HCl). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This SEM study was carried out in 20 dentin samples obtained from non-diseased human premolars and 20 dentin samples obtained from diseased human premolars. Pure TTC-HCl was applied to the dentin surface at 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml concentrations for 3 min in experimental groups while distilled (0 mg/ml) water was applied to the control groups. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mean and standard deviation were estimated from the sample for each study group. Mean values were compared by either one-way ANOVA with Tukey-Honestly significant difference procedure or Kruskal - Wallis one way ANOVA with Mann-Whitney u-test. Further Student's independent t-test/Mann-Whitney u-test was used appropriately to compare the mean values between two independent groups. RESULTS: In the present study using 100 mg/ml tetracycline seems to be more effective on both diseased and non-diseased dentin surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirm that pure TTC-HCl conditioning produced comparable surface characteristics on dentin of both diseased and non-diseased roots with 100 mg/ml concentration for 3 min.

Integrative bioinformatics analysis of genomic and proteomic approaches to understand the transcriptional regulatory program in coronary artery disease pathways.

Patients with cardiovascular disease show a panel of differentially regulated serum biomarkers indicative of modulation of several pathways from disease onset to progression. Few of these biomarkers have been proposed for multimarker risk prediction methods. However, the underlying mechanism of the expression changes and modulation of the pathways is not yet addressed in entirety. Our present work focuses on understanding the regulatory mechanisms at transcriptional level by identifying the core and specific transcription factors that regulate the coronary artery disease associated pathways. Using the principles of systems biology we integrated the genomics and proteomics data with computational tools. We selected biomarkers from 7 different pathways based on their association with the disease and assayed 24 biomarkers along with gene expression studies and built network modules which are highly regulated by 5 core regulators PPARG, EGR1, ETV1, KLF7 and ESRRA. These network modules in turn comprise of biomarkers from different pathways showing that the core regulatory transcription factors may work together in differential regulation of several pathways potentially leading to the disease. This kind of analysis can enhance the elucidation of mechanisms in the disease and give better strategies of developing multimarker module based risk predictions.

Validation of Tamil Version of Cranley's 24-Item Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale in Indian Pregnant Women.

BACKGROUND: Maternal-fetal attachment has not been formally studied among pregnant Indian women using Cranley's 24-item maternal-fetal attachment scale. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to validate the Cranley's 24-item maternal-fetal attachment scale (MFAS-24). METHODS: Consecutive pregnant Indian women of all trimesters were studied in Pondicherry, India. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The mean, standard deviation (SD), Cronbach's alpha, content validity index (CVI), correlation coefficient, and simple correlation analyses were calculated. RESULTS: 230 pregnant women of various sociodemographic, religious and educational background formed the sample. Mean age of sample was 23 (SD ± 3) years, mean MFAS scores was 87.4 (SD ± 10), mean GHQ scores was 14 (SD ± 1.2), and mean gestational age was 27.2 (SD ± 7) weeks. Cronbach's reliability alpha of MFAS was high (0.71). There was no correlation between MFAS scores and gestational age or the pregnancy trimester. CVI of the scale, for the Tamil version was 0.72 and for the English version was 0.78. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows applicability of MFAS-24 in Indian settings also for measuring maternal-fetal attachment.