RESUMO
Functionalised tetrahydropyran and spirooxepane scaffolds were prepared utilising an iodoetherification strategy and elaborated to demonstrate their potential use in library synthesis. The iodoetherification products could be readily transformed to the corresponding azides that could be further functionalised via copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition or reduction to the amine. The lead-likeness and three-dimensionality of the scaffolds were examined and compared to commercial libraries.
Assuntos
Azidas , Descoberta de Drogas , Reação de Cicloadição , Ciclização , Cobre , Alcinos , CatáliseRESUMO
Drugs and drug candidates containing a carboxylic acid moiety, including many widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often metabolized to form acyl glucuronides (AGs). NSAIDs such as Ibuprofen are amongst the most widely used drugs on the market, whereas similar carboxylic acid drugs such as Suprofen have been withdrawn due to adverse events. Although the link between these AG metabolites and toxicity is not proven, there is circumstantial literature evidence to suggest that more reactive acyl glucuronides may, in some cases, present a greater risk of exhibiting toxic effects. We wished therefore to rank the reactivity of potential new carboxylate-containing drug candidates, and performed kinetic studies on synthetic acyl glucuronides to benchmark our key compounds. Driven by the desire to quickly rank the reactivity of compounds without the need for lengthy synthesis of the acyl glucuronide, a correlation was established between the degradation half-life of the acyl glucuronide and the half life for the hydrolysis of the more readily available methyl ester derivative. This finding enabled a considerable broadening of chemical property space to be investigated. The need for kinetic measurements was subsequently eliminated altogether by correlating the methyl ester hydrolysis half-life with the predicted (13)C NMR chemical shift of the carbonyl carbon together with readily available steric descriptors in a PLS model. This completely in silico prediction of acyl glucuronide reactivity is applicable within the earliest stages of drug design with low cost and acceptable accuracy to guide intelligent molecular design. This reactivity data will be useful alongside the more complex additional pharmacokinetic exposure and distribution data that is generated later in the drug discovery process for assessing the overall toxicological risk of acidic drugs.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/metabolismo , Glucuronídeos/metabolismo , Animais , Desenho de Fármacos , Meia-Vida , Cinética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Relação Quantitativa Estrutura-Atividade , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
By careful analysis of experimental X-ray ligand crystallographic protein data across several inhibitor series we have discovered a novel, potent and selective series of iNOS inhibitors exemplified by compound 8.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Isoxazóis/química , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridinas/química , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Simulação por Computador , Cristalografia por Raios X , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Isoxazóis/síntese química , Isoxazóis/farmacologia , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Piridinas/farmacologia , RatosAssuntos
Descoberta de Drogas , Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2 , Amidas/química , Amidas/farmacologia , Amidas/uso terapêutico , Amidinas/química , Amidinas/farmacologia , Amidinas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Azóis/química , Azóis/farmacologia , Azóis/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7 , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Starting from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the identification of a novel series of P2Y(12) receptor antagonists and exploitation of their SAR is described. Modifications of the acidic side chain and the purine core and investigation of hydrophobic substituents led to a series of neutral molecules. The leading compound, 17 (AZD6140), is currently in a large phase III clinical trial for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes and prevention of thromboembolic clinical sequelae.
Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/uso terapêutico , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Proteínas de Membrana/antagonistas & inibidores , Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2 , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Adenosina/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Animais , Humanos , Receptores Purinérgicos P2Y12 , TicagrelorRESUMO
Starting with the weak agonist indomethacin, a series of potent, selective CRTh2 (DP(2)) antagonists have been discovered as potential treatments for asthma, allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory diseases.