Effect of Energy Drink on Bone Formation in the Expanded Inter-Premaxillary Suture.

Maxillary expansion of the median palatal suture is a common procedure in orthodontics. Even after retention, there is a strong tendency to relapse in the expanded suture. The authors' objectives are to accelerate the bone formation process in the expanded suture and to reduce the required retention time by using an energy drink (ED). Twenty rats were divided into 2 groups (n = 20). The expansion-only group was defined as the control group (Group C). The other group was defined as the expansion-plus-energy drink group (Group ED). In Group ED, ED was administered systemically through oro-gastric tubes after the expansion period. After 5 days of expansion, the springs were removed and replaced with short lengths of rectangular retaining wire. Tooth separation was maintained for 12 days. Histomorphometric analysis showed significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of newly formed bone (P = 0.018) and the bone area (P = 0.007). For the parameters that were investigated, Group ED had better results than Group C. These results show that systemic administration of an ED during the early stages of the orthopedic expansion of the inter-maxillary suture areas can stimulate bone formation and decrease the time required for retention.

Effect of sex steroids on bone formation in an orthopedically expanded suture in rats : An immunohistochemical and computed tomography study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of sex steroids on bone formation in response to midpalatal suture expansion by means of histological and immunohistochemical examinations and computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 male and 32 female 12-week-old Wistar rats were divided into four groups per gender. Testosterone was administered to the castrated experimental male rats, estrogen to castrated experimental female rats. Saline solution was given subcutaneously to the male and female control, sham, and castration groups during expansion and retention periods, which lasted 7 and 5 days, respectively. The expansion amount was measured with a digital caliper. The density of the new bone in the expansion area was measured via CT. RESULTS: Histological and CT evaluation revealed that the number of osteoblasts and density of the new bone was higher in male and female experimental groups than in all the other groups. When scores of staining intensity were compared, the experimental groups demonstrated statistically significant greater immunoreactivity in the osteoblasts compared to castrated-only groups. Bone density was higher in the female experimental group than in the others, and higher in the male experimental group than in the others. Expansion amounts in the castrated groups were higher than in the others (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Raising the levels of sex steroids in rats revealed positive effects on bone formation in the midpalatal suture in response to expansion. Increased sex steroid levels can reduce the time needed for retention.

The effect of fixed appliances on oral malodor from beginning of treatment till 1 year.

BACKGROUND: Orthodontic appliances can enhance plaque accumulation, and this can cause gingival inflammation. Halitosis of oral origin is associated with microbial metabolism on the tongue and in the saliva, dental plaque, and the amount of volatile sulfide-containing compounds. This study used a Halimeter to investigate fixed orthodontic therapy-associated increases in the oral malodor over a year. METHODS: Thirteen orthodontic patients with Angle Class I malocclusions receiving fixed orthodontic therapy formed the study group, and 12 dental students without any dental treatment formed the control group. The Halimeter was used to examine oral malodor by detecting volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were also measured in both groups. The subjects in the study group had one visit before the orthodontic treatment started and seven visits during orthodontic therapy (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 months after bonding), while the subjects in the control group had three visits, once per subsequent month. RESULTS: Oral malodor was significantly increased in the fixed orthodontic treatment group during treatment (p < .05). Increases were also observed in the PI, GI, and PPD measures (p < .05). The results of the control group were stable (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Oral malodor increased during fixed orthodontic treatments and reached a critical level 7 months later.

Occurrence of Pneumatic Cavities Surrounding the Temporomandibular Joint.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, the location, and the characteristics of the pneumatic cavities (PCAs) surrounding the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by using cone-beam computed tomography. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed by using the three-dimensional data archives from Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey. The age and sex had been previously recorded for all of the patients. The location and the morphologic characteristics of the PCAs were documented. RESULTS: Pneumatic cavities were found in 18 patients (15%): 11 women (61%) and 7 men (39%). Eleven (57.9%) of the patients showed unilocular pneumatic air cells and 8 (42.1%) of them showed multilocular ones. The unilateral-to-bilateral ratio was 2.3:1. The age range was 8 to 76 years (mean 29.5 ±â€Š21.86 years), and the female-to-male ratio was 1.57:1. CONCLUSION: Cone-beam computed tomography provides images without superimposition that allows accurate and easy evaluation of the PCAs surrounding the TMJ. Our results suggest that the occurrence of PCAs is higher than has been previously reported; therefore, it is recommended for clinicians who are planning to perform TMJ surgery to think about the PCAs to understand the exact morphology for avoiding intraoperative complications.

Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on bone formation in the expanded inter-premaxillary suture.

BACKGROUND: Narrow maxilla is a common problem in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. To solve this problem, a procedure called rapid maxillary expansion (RME) has been used. However, relapse tendency is a major problem of RME. Although relapse tendency is not clearly understood, various treatment procedures and new applications have been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the possible effectiveness of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on new bone formation in rat midpalatal suture after RME. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into two groups as control and CAPE group. In the CAPE group, CAPE was administered systemically via intraperitoneal injection. RME procedure was performed on all animals. For this purpose, the springs were placed on the maxillary incisors of rats and activated for 5 days. After then, the springs were removed and replaced with short lengths of rectangular retaining wire for consolidation period of 15 days. At the end of the study, histomorphometric analysis was carried out to assess new bone formation. RESULTS: New bone formation was significantly greater in the CAPE group than the control group (P<0.05). CAPE enhances new bone formation in midpalatal suture after RME. CONCLUSION: These results show that CAPE may decrease the time needed for retention.