1-Tetradecanol complex: therapeutic actions in experimental periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: The present study was planned to investigate the therapeutic actions of 1-tetradecanol complex (1-TDC), a novel monounsaturated fatty acid mixture, in established periodontitis in rabbits. METHODS: Periodontitis was initiated in 18 New Zealand White rabbits using ligatures around mandibular second premolars, followed by topical Porphyromonas gingivalis application (10(9) colony forming units). After 6 weeks of disease induction (phase 1), three animals were sacrificed to assess the established periodontitis level. P. gingivalis application was discontinued, and the remaining 15 animals continued with topical treatment of 1-TDC (100 mg/ml; n = 5) or placebo (n = 5) or no treatment (n = 5) for an additional 6 weeks (phase 2). Mandibular block sections obtained after euthanasia were decalcified and embedded in paraffin. In addition to the macroscopic analyses, hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were used to study cellular inflammatory infiltrate and quantitative histomorphometry. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and osteocalcin were used to identify osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity, respectively. RESULTS: P. gingivalis application resulted in periodontal disease with gingival inflammation and bone loss (30% compared to baseline) at 6 weeks. Treatment with 1-TDC stopped the progression of the disease and resulted in a significant reduction in the macroscopic periodontal inflammation, attachment, and bone loss (10.1% +/- 1.8%), whereas periodontal disease progressed in the untreated and placebo groups (P <0.05). Histologic assessment and histomorphometric measurements demonstrated that 1-TDC inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and osteoclastic activity (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that topical application of cetylated monounsaturated fatty acid complex (1-TDC) is a potential therapeutic approach in controlling the progression of chronic periodontal disease.

Resolvin E1 regulates inflammation at the cellular and tissue level and restores tissue homeostasis in vivo.

Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is a potent proresolving mediator of inflammation derived from omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid that acts locally to stop leukocyte recruitment and promote resolution. RvE1 displays potent counter-regulatory and tissue-protective actions in vitro and in vivo. Periodontal disease is a local inflammatory disease initiated by bacteria characterized by neutrophil-mediated tissue injury followed by development of a chronic immune lesion. In this study, we report the treatment of established periodontitis using RvE1 as a monotherapy in rabbits compared with structurally related lipids PGE(2) and leukotriene B(4). PGE(2) and leukotriene B(4) each enhanced development of periodontitis and worsened the severity of disease. Promotion of resolution of inflammation as a therapeutic target with RvE1 resulted in complete restoration of the local lesion, and reduction in the systemic inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and IL-1beta. This report is the first to show that resolution of inflammation by a naturally occurring endogenous lipid mediator results in complete regeneration of pathologically lost tissues, including bone.