[Balanoposthitis in the clinical practice of a urologist and dermatovenereologist: an interdisciplinary problem].

Balanoposthitis is a common inflammatory disease of the male genitals, which occurs more often in uncircumcised men. The cause of balanoposthitis can be an infectious, inflammatory or autoimmune process, as well as traumatization. In most cases, after proper intimate hygiene and the use of neutral moisturizers, the symptoms of balanoposthitis are completely stopped. In the case of torpid course of balanoposthitis and in the absence of improvement after drug therapy, it is necessary to exclude the malignant process. In the review article, the authors present the data of modern scientific research on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiome in balanoposthitis. Differences in the composition of the microbiome were revealed in patients with balanoposthitis and healthy patients from the control group with excess foreskin. It was found that in patients with balanoposthitis, a impaired in hydration of the skin of the glans penis was revealed. Staphylococcus warneri and Prevotella bivia are the most common species associated with balanoposthitis and positively correlate with the severity of the disease. Candida infection, as an etiological factor of balanoposthitis, often occurs in children and may be associated with diaper rash. The prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis as a pathogen in the male urogenital tract has not been fully studied. Currently, there are no reliable scientific studies that make it possible to attribute G. vaginalis to the etiological factor of balanoposthitis in men. However, it should be borne in mind that balanoposthitis may have a polymicrobial and synergistic etiology with the participation of G. vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in the lower genital tract of men. The review article is clearly illustrated with clinical examples of the disease from the personal practice of the authors.

[Urological problems related to coloproctology. Part 2].

The second part of the review article is devoted to current urological and proctological issues: rectal injuries during urological procedures, rectal complications associated with prostate cancer, as well as violations of the genitourinary function during interventions on the pelvic and rectal organs. Ignoring the symptoms from the adjacent pelvic organs can lead to diagnostic errors and the choice of wrong treatment, which ultimately adversely affects the outcomes. The interaction of specialists "working in the small pelvis" is required to exchange experience and improve the quality of care for this category of patients.

[Urological problems related to coloproctology. Part 1].

The aim of this review was to characterize the possible urological manifestations of rectal disorders in case of the involvement of the genitourinary system, as well as the symptoms of urological diseases involving the distal part of the large bowel. In urological and coloproctological practice, the anatomical and physiological proximity of the distal part of the intestine and the urogenital organs is of importance (for example, the common innervation of the pelvic organs, the synergy of the pelvic floor muscles, etc.), since it results in similar clinical manifestations, making it difficult to make a diagnosis. The most relevant and common urological and proctological diseases, including prostatitis, intestinovesical and rectourethral fistulas, damage to the ureter and bladder during colorectal surgery are discussed in the article. Particular attention is paid to the interdisciplinary cooperation of urologists and proctologists and the frequent need for their joint participation in the diagnosis and treatment of the pelvic organs disorders.

[The increasing of the somatic health in students using differently directed fitness].

The purpose of study is to scientifically substantiate the methodology of applying differently directed fitness tools to increase the level of somatic health, physical and mental workability of students. The experimental sampling consisted of 186 students (106 girls, 80 boys) of the Belgorod State National Research Institute and the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law. Two groups of respondents were organized: control group (n=85; 47 girls, 38 boys) that included students involved into officially approved education program of the Chair of Physical Culture and experiment group (n=101; 59 girls, 42 boys) that included students involved into experimental program. It is established that Pilates stabilizes and topes up muscles of entire body, improves coordination abilities of students involved, improves body-build constitution, promotes reducing of back pain, improves cardio-respiratory system functioning and is the most called-for fitness direction for reducing psycho-emotional tension. The step aerobics positively effects on the cardio-respiratory system, the entire musculoskeletal system and physical workability. The level of somatic health in experiment group after the experiment improved from "below average" to "average". In control group both before and after the experiment, the level of somatic health corresponded to "below average". After the experiment, the physical performance indices in experiment group improved and remained at the same level in control group. In the experiment group all analyzed indices of mental workability increased and acquired measured character.

[The increase level of somatic health in students by multi directional means of fitness].

The purpose of the study is to substantiate methodology of using multidirectional fitness tools to improve level of somatic health, and as a result, physical and mental efficiency of students. The study sampling included 186 students (106 girls, 80 boys). Two groups were formed: control group (n=85: 47 girls, 38 boys) and experimental group (n=101: 59 girls, 42 boys) in the content of educational program were included experimental method. The study demonstrated that Pilates stabilizes and topes up muscles of entire body, improves coordination abilities, improves physique, favors reducing back pain, improves cardio-respiratory system and reduces psycho-emotional tension. The step aerobics positively effect on cardio-respiratory system and entire musculoskeletal system, as well as has a on physical performance. The somatic health of students in experimental group after experiment improved from "below average" to "average". In control group, before and after the experiment, level of somatic health made to "below average". After experiment, physical performance indicators in experimental group improved. The indices of students of control group remained at the same level. In experimental group, all indices of mental performance increased and began to have regular character.

Structure and dynamics of short-chain polymerized ionic liquids.

Combining experimental results obtained with X-ray scattering and field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and an assessment of new and previous dielectric and rheology data, our study focuses on the molecular weight (Mw) evolution of local structure and dynamics in a homologous series of covalently bonded ionic liquids. Performed on a family of electrolytes with a tailored degree of ionic decoupling, this study reveals the differences between monomeric and oligomeric melts with respect to their structural organization, mass and charge transport, and molecular diffusion. Our study demonstrates that for the monomeric compound, the broadband conductivity and mechanical spectra reflect the same underlying distribution of activation barriers and that the Random Barrier Model describes fairly well both the ionic and structural relaxation processes in these materials. Moreover, the oligomers with chains comprising ten segments only exhibit both structural and dynamical fingerprints of a genuine polymer. A comparison of conductivity levels estimated using the self-diffusion coefficients probed via NMR and those probed directly with dielectric spectroscopy reveals the emerging of ion correlations which are affecting the macroscopic charge transport in these materials in a chain-length dependent manner.

Influence of Chain Rigidity and Dielectric Constant on the Glass Transition Temperature in Polymerized Ionic Liquids.

Polymerized ionic liquids (PolyILs) are promising candidates for a wide range of technological applications due to their single ion conductivity and good mechanical properties. Tuning the glass transition temperature (Tg) in these materials constitutes a major strategy to improve room temperature conductivity while controlling their mechanical properties. In this work, we show experimental and simulation results demonstrating that in these materials Tg does not follow a universal scaling behavior with the volume of the structural units Vm (including monomer and counterion). Instead, Tg is significantly influenced by the chain flexibility and polymer dielectric constant. We propose a simplified empirical model that includes the electrostatic interactions and chain flexibility to describe Tg in PolyILs. Our model enables design of new functional PolyILs with the desired Tg.

Mechanism of Conductivity Relaxation in Liquid and Polymeric Electrolytes: Direct Link between Conductivity and Diffusivity.

Combining broadband impedance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance we analyzed charge and mass transport in two polymerized ionic liquids and one of their monomeric precursors. In order to establish a general procedure for extracting single-particle diffusivity from their conductivity spectra, we critically assessed several approaches previously employed to describe the onset of diffusive charge dynamics and of the electrode polarization in ion conducting materials. Based on the analysis of the permittivity spectra, we demonstrate that the conductivity relaxation process provides information on ion diffusion and the magnitude of cross-correlation effects between ionic motions. A new approach is introduced which is able to estimate ionic diffusivities from the characteristic times of conductivity relaxation and ion concentration without any adjustable parameters. This opens the venue for a deeper understanding of charge transport in concentrated and diluted electrolyte solutions.

[Dermal cysts participate in reparative regeneration of epidermis in Hr(hr)/Hr(hr) mice].

One of the phenotypic effects of mutation in the Hr gene in mice is disintegration of hair follicles and their degeneration into open funnel-shaped structures (utricles) opened on skin surface and cysts located in the depth of the dermis. The aim of the current study consists in analysis of the process of reparative regeneration of skin in homozygotous mice with one of the mutant alleles of the Hr gene-Hr(hr). It is shown that epithelial cells that constitute the inner pavement of cysts take part in the process of epithelization of deep skin wounds. This indicates that the competence of ectodermal cells in relation to inductive signals from injured skin remains in Hrr homozygote mice, in spite of the significant anatomic abnormalities of the hair follicles.

[Identification of genotypes of grape clones using microsatellite markers].

SSR-analysis of a number of clones of rootstock, technical and table grape cultivars has been carried out. Allele microsatellite loci characteristics can be used for genotype identification of grape cultivar clones. High level of mutational variability among the studied clones of rootstock and technical cultivars has been revealed. DNA-passports of perspective clones were created. The results of genotyping can be used for clone registration and protection of rights of breeders.

[Treatment of IIIa grade burns with the biologic band].

The biologic band is created on the base of type I collagen and platelet derived growth factor. It was applied for extensive burns of IIIa grade at 1-2nd day after a trauma, which led to epidermis reconstruction at 5-7th day. Authors assume that the effect of the band is determined by the time of its use--1-2nd day, when stimulating exudation qualities combine with healing properties of the bandage. The effectiveness of the collagen band showed to be equal to those of fibroblast transplantation.

The use of bioactive wound dressing, stimulating epithelial regeneration of IIIa-degree burn wounds.

Clinical and morphological comparison of wound healing after transplantation of living cultured allofibroblast on days 1-2 after the injury, collagen-1-based dressing with PDGF-BB, and traditional dressing with levomecol ointment showed that bioactive dressing accelerated wound epithelialization (5-7 days vs. 20-22 days with gauze dressing); the incidence of suppurative complications decreased, no crust formed, and epithelialization was not associated with the formation of a hypertrophic cicatrix. Biological dressing based on living cultured allofibroblasts and collagen-1 with PDGF-BB exhibited equal stimulatory effects on burn wound healing.

Stimulation of regeneration of hyaline cartilage in experimental osteochondral injury.

A model of osteochondral intra-articular defect in rats is presented. During spontaneous healing, the stage of formation of granulation tissue is followed by its replacement with bone and fibrous tissue. Chondroinductive properties of collagen 1 sponge used for defect filling manifested in the formation of fibrous cartilage with fields of hyaline cartilage. Filling of the defect with collagen 1 sponge containing bone powder stimulated regeneration of the bone tissue and hyaline cartilage.

[Structural and functional changes in the right atrium of the rats induced by short- and long-term heat stress].

In acute experiments performed on rats placed in heat-chamber (40 degrees C, 30- and 60-minutes-long exposure), an increase in NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were found in the neurons of intramural ganglia of the right atrium, while SDH and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were increased in cardiomyocytes. Hormone-producing cardiomyocytes, containing atrial natriuretic peptide, had numerous large secretory granules under the sarcolemma close to the microvessels. In contractile cardiomyocytes, the signs of early stage of apoptosis were observed including the subsarcolemmal accumulation of small mitochondria and cytoplasmic invaginations into the nucleus. Prolonged heating (37 degrees C, 4 h daily) led to an increased activities of NADPH-d and SDH in neurons of intramural ganglia of the right atrium and of NADPH-d and LDH in cardiomyocytes. Secretory granules in hormone-producing cardiomyocytes were small and reduced in number. Cardiomyocytes showing the signs of the late stage of apoptosis (with nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation) were demonstrated.

Changes in the activity of NO synthase, energy metabolism enzymes, and the ultrastructure of cerebral cortical neurons in a model of transient ischemia.

Experiments were performed on white male Wistar rats under Nembutal-urethane anesthesia. Transient ischemia (10 min) was produced by clamping of the carotid arteries. Some neurons in the parietal area of the cerebral cortex and endotheliocytes in blood vessels showed increases in NO synthesis and in the activity of energy metabolism enzymes (SDH, LDH). Changes in the ultrastructure of some neurons and synaptic formations provided evidence of a state of functional pressure, while changes in others indicated irreversible changes (disturbances in lipid metabolism and destructive changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm).

[Changes in the activity of NO-synthase, energy metabolism enzymes and ultrastructure in neurons of the cerebral cortex in the model of short-term ischemia]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti NO-sintazy, fermentov énergeticheskogo obmena i ul'trastruktury v neironakh kory bol'shogo mozga pri modelirovanii kratkovremennoi ishemii.

Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats under nembutal-urethan anesthesia. Short-time (10 min) cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral ligation of carotid arteries. This was followed by an increased synthesis of NO and activity of energy metabolism enzymes (SDH, LDH) in a part of neurons of the parietal cortex and in endotheliocytes of blood vessels. The ultrastructural changes of some neurons and synaptic formations indicated functional tension, while in the others the irreversible changes (disturbed lipid metabolism, destructive alterations of the nucleus and cytoplasm) were found.

[Structure and functional changes in the gastric intramural nervous plexus in emotionally stressed rats exposed to low doses of long-term ionizing irradiation and lead]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nye izmeneniia vintramural'nom nervnom spleten ii zheludka pri émotsional'nom stresse u krys, podvergavshikhsia dlitel'nomu deistviiu ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia i solei svintsa v malykh dozakh.

Changes in the catecholamine content in adrenergic fibres, acetylcholinesterase activity, and in the energy metabolism enzymes lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in neurons of the gastric intramural plexus during emotional stress in rats a day after combined exposure to prolonged (30 days) ionizing radiation in a total dose 1.0 Gy and 0.6 mg/kg lead were studied. A decrease in catecholamines in adrenergic fibres and acetylcholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase activity in neurons was observed. An enhanced sensitivity of the gastric intramural plexus after the prolonged exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation and lead in conditions of emotional stress was suggested.

[Structural changes in the pelvic plexus in cold stress]. / Izmeneniia struktur tazovogo spleteniia pri kholodovom stresse.

Alterations caused by hypothermal stress in neurons of pelvic plexus in rats were studied histochemically. The increase of catecholamine content in neurons and serotonin--in small intensely fluorescent cells (SIFC), suppression of acetyl cholinesterase activity in neurons were demonstrated after the short-term hypothermal stress leading to moderate hypothermia. Cooling of rats following the preliminary section of pelvic nerves does not prevent the above mentioned changes in neurons and SIFC. The participant of adrenergic nerves and SIFC in peripheral mechanisms of thermoregulation is under discussion.

[A cytophotometric study of the monoamines and energy metabolism enzymes in the neurons of the paravertebral ganglia under cold-induced and emotional stress]. / Tsitofotometricheskoe issledovanie monoaminov i fermentov énergeticheskogo obmena v neironakh paravertebral'nykh gangliev pri kholodovom i émotsional'nom stresse.

The content of monoamines and energy exchange enzymes in neurons of the stellate ganglion (SG) and Th6-Th10 thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia (TSTG) was studied histochemically using a computer analysis. Intensification of the monoamine fluorescence and energy exchange enzyme activity in SG neurons was found both during cold and emotional stress. Similar changes in TSTG were observed only during hypothermia. A selective activation of neurons of the paravertebral ganglia under different stresses is suggested.

[Combined bronchopulmonary and gastroduodenal diseases]. / Sochetannye bronkholegochnye i gastroduodenal'nye zabolevaniia.

Combined changes in the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were studied in 110 patients with acute and chronic diseases of the lungs on the basis of the endoscopic method, taking into account the immunological mechanisms and analysis of data of 1,000 autopsy records. Combined changes in the lungs and organs of the upper digestive tract were found in 90.9% of patients, erosive-ulcerative lesions of the mucous membrane in 39.3%, and gastrointestinal hemorrhages in 1.7% of patients. Ulcers of the cardiac part of the stomach were encountered most frequently in this category of patients, but hemorrhage occurred mostly as a complication of ulcers of the body of the stomach.