Evaluation of efficacy of subgingival administration of 1% chlorhexidine gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis - A clinical and microbiological study.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival administration of 1% chlorhexidine gel (Chlorhexamed® 1% gel) in patients with chronic periodontitis. Settings and Design: The study was done in a parallel-arm design with a total of 30 patients with 60 sites suffering from chronic periodontitis. The patients were divided into control and experimental groups. Materials and Methods: The clinical parameters recorded were plaque index, gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth and relative attachment level at baseline, 1 month and 3 month. Microbiological colony-forming units were assessed for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia at baseline, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The control group received scaling and root planing (SRP) after baseline evaluation; however, the experimental group received the application of Chlorhexamed® gel within 48 hours after SRP. Then, the values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement from the baseline to 3 months in all clinical and microbiological parameters. The experimental group showed better improvement in all parameters. Conclusion: The use of Chlorhexamed® gel has proven to be an efficacious adjunct with SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Severity of Periodontal Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Hospital-Based Study.

Background Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of multifactorial origin. The inflammatory mediators released during the progression of disease may affect all the organs of the body. Renal disease is a chronic systemic disease which may influence the progression of periodontal disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate and compare the prevalence of periodontal disease among individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with healthy individuals. Methodology In this cross-sectional study including 150 participants, 75 patients with different renal diseases undergoing hemodialysis (Group I) and 75 healthy controls (Group II) were included. The general examination of the patients was done. Blood pressure, pulse, and body mass index were recorded, followed by biochemical investigations, in which serum urea, serum creatinine, and random blood sugar were evaluated for each participant. Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) scores were recorded. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and gingival recession GR were measured, and clinical attachment level (CAL) was calculated based on the obtained values. The subjects were then categorized into three groups, namely, no/mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. Results Out of the total study participants, 68% were men and 32% were women, with a mean age of 47 years. Serum markers were significantly elevated in Group I compared to Group II. Poor oral hygiene and periodontitis were observed to be much higher in dialysis patients compared to the control group. The two groups also significantly differed in PI, GI, PPD, GR, and CAL, all of which were higher in Group I. Conclusions The results suggest that patients with renal disease must be screened for periodontal disease.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Human Chorion and Amnion With Coronally Advanced Flap for Recession Coverage: A Case Series.

INTRODUCTION: An amnion-chorion membrane is a placenta-derived tissue that has been introduced recently as a guided tissue regeneration membrane in dentistry. Numerous growth factors, proteins, and stem cell reserves in amnion could help in accelerated wound healing and regeneration, whereas chorion is a rich source of various collagen and non-collagen proteins. The present six-patient observational case series compares amnion and chorion allografts for recession coverage. CASE SERIES: Six healthy adult patients presenting with 12 Miller Class I recession defects were treated surgically with a modified coronally advanced flap along with amniotic membrane (group A) or chorion (group B) for coverage of the recession defects following a split-mouth design. Clinical parameters measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months were width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), probing depth, recession height, clinical attachment level (CAL), and assessment of gingival biotype. Statistical analysis was done using paired and unpaired Student t test. The results showed statistically significant (P <0.01) improvements in all clinical parameters at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups in both groups. Nine of 12 treated recession defects showed 100% root coverage. The gingival biotype also showed a thick biotype in 10 sites that had an initial thin biotype. CONCLUSION: Both amnion and chorion membranes provided promising results in terms of root coverage, increased WKG, CAL gain, and thickness of the gingival biotype and can be used for periodontal plastic surgeries.